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Spermatozoa, in this case human, are a primary component in normal semen, and the agents of fertilization of female ova. Semen, also known as seminal fluid, is a bodily fluid that contains spermatozoa. Spermatozoa are secreted by the male gonads (sexual glands) and other sexual organs of male or hermaphroditic animals and can fertilize the ...
Collecting the sperm at home gives a higher sperm concentration, sperm count, and motility, particularly if the sperm is collected via sexual intercourse. [35] If the semen sample is to be collected by masturbation, a specimen from the early stages of the ejaculation should be placed into a clean, unused, sealed collection cup.
A semen analysis (plural: semen analyses), also called seminogram or spermiogram, evaluates certain characteristics of a male's semen and the sperm contained therein. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is done to help evaluate male fertility , whether for those seeking pregnancy or verifying the success of vasectomy .
In the XY sex-determination system, the female-provided ovum contributes an X chromosome and the male-provided sperm contributes either an X chromosome or a Y chromosome, resulting in female (XX) or male (XY) offspring, respectively. Hormone levels in the male parent affect the sex ratio of sperm in humans. [25]
The 1990s saw significant development in research on male infertility, with reliable results indicating a decline. A 1992 Danish meta-analysis, commonly known as the Carlsen study after its principal author, showed that between 1938 and 1990 a population described as healthy had experienced a significant decrease in sperm count and semen volume.
Men aren’t producing as many sperm as they were decades ago. It’s a trend observed around the globe. The pace of decline is accelerating.
Sperm count declines with age, with men aged 50–80 years producing sperm at an average rate of 75% compared with men aged 20–50 years. However, an even larger difference is seen in how many of the seminiferous tubules in the testes contain mature sperm: In males 20–39 years old, 90% of the seminiferous tubules contain mature sperm.
Males from India had a 30.3% decline in sperm count, 22.9% decline in sperm motility, and a 51% decrease in morphology over a span of a decade. Doctors in India disclosed that the sperm count of a fertile Indian male had decreased by a third over a span of three decades. [80]