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Venda was declared self-governing on 1 February 1973, [5] with elections held later in the year. [6] Further elections were held in July 1978. [6] The territory was declared independent by the South African government on 13 September 1979, and its residents lost their South African citizenship.
Government-in-exile: Frente para a Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda (FLEC) (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization) Political party: Frente para a Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda (FLEC), Liberation Front of the State of Cabinda; Militant organization: Forças Armadas de Cabinda (FAC) Status: Ongoing low-intensity war
The Government of the Republic of the Rif was established on 18 September 1921 when the Riffian Tribes, led by Abd el-Krim, beat Spain in the Battle of Annual during the Rif War and created the Confederal Republic of the Tribes of the Rif. The Republic of the Rif is considered the first-ever independent non-monarchical modern Amazigh state.
The Moroccan independence president Abd el-Krim (1882–1963) organized an armed revolution, the Rif War, against the Spanish and French colonial control of Morocco. The Spanish had faced unrest off and on from the 1890s, but in 1921 Spanish colonial troops were massacred at the Battle of Annual .
Rif mountains in the province of Ashawen Moroccan Mediterranean coast – aerial view west from Bades over El Jebha to Tétouan with Rif mountains, Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima (2014) According to C. Michael Hogan, there are between five and eight separate subpopulations of the endangered primate Barbary macaque , Macaca sylvanus . [ 14 ]
Riffians or Rifians (Tarifit: Irifiyen, singular: Arifi; [5] Arabic: الريفيون) are a Berber ethnic group originally from the Rif region of northeastern Morocco (includes the autonomous city of Spain, Melilla). [3] Communities of Riffian immigrants are also found in southern Spain, Netherlands and Belgium as well as elsewhere in Western ...
During the Rif War of 1921-1926, the leadership of the Ait Waryaghar was concentrated in the Al-Khattabi family and, in particular, in Muhammad bin Abd el-Krim al-Khattabi. Its centre was the small locality of Ajdir in the bay of Al Hoceima .
The Ait Ouriaghel Berber tribe (also 'Beni Urriaguel') dominated the area around Al Hoceima. Abd el-Krim, whose father was a qadi of the Aith Yusuf clan, organized a guerilla force against the Spanish during the Rif War, establishing the Republic of the Rif in 1921. In September 1925, Spanish General José Sanjurjo landed at Al Hoceima and ...