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In mathematics, Maclaurin's inequality, named after Colin Maclaurin, is a refinement of the inequality of arithmetic and geometric means.. Let ,, …, be non-negative real numbers, and for =,, …,, define the averages as follows: = < < ().
There is no corresponding upper bound as any of the 3 fractions in the inequality can be made arbitrarily large. It is the three-variable case of the rather more difficult Shapiro inequality , and was published at least 50 years earlier.
The less-than sign is a mathematical symbol that denotes an inequality between two values. The widely adopted form of two equal-length strokes connecting in an acute angle at the left, <, has been found in documents dated as far back as the 1560s.
In the discrete case, an economic inequality index may be represented by a function I(x), where x is a set of n economic values (e.g. wealth or income) x={x 1,x 2,...,x n} with x i being the economic value associated with "economic agent" i.
If X is a nonnegative random variable and a > 0, and U is a uniformly distributed random variable on [,] that is independent of X, then [4] (). Since U is almost surely smaller than one, this bound is strictly stronger than Markov's inequality.
The sign test is a statistical test for consistent differences between pairs of observations, such as the weight of subjects before and after treatment. Given pairs of observations (such as weight pre- and post-treatment) for each subject, the sign test determines if one member of the pair (such as pre-treatment) tends to be greater than (or less than) the other member of the pair (such as ...
Note that the vanilla Azuma's inequality requires symmetric bounds on martingale increments, i.e. .So, if known bound is asymmetric, e.g. , to use Azuma's inequality, one need to choose = (| |, | |) which might be a waste of information on the boundedness of .
In mathematics, Grönwall's inequality (also called Grönwall's lemma or the Grönwall–Bellman inequality) allows one to bound a function that is known to satisfy a certain differential or integral inequality by the solution of the corresponding differential or integral equation.