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The Habsburg Philip II of Spain and his wife, the Tudor Mary I of England.Mary and Philip were first cousins once removed. The wedding of Nicholas II of Russia and Alix of Hesse (whose name was changed to Alexandra Feodorovna in the process), second cousins through their shared great-grandparents Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse, and Wilhelmine of Baden
The Fall of the House of Habsburg. Sphere Books Limited, London, 1970. (First published by Longmans in 1963.) Erbe, Michael (2000). Die Habsburger 1493–1918. Urban. Kohlhammer Verlag. ISBN 978-3-17-011866-9. Evans, Robert J. W. The Making of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1550–1700: An Interpretation. Clarendon Press, 1979. Fichtner, Paula Sutter ...
The House of Habsburg gives a well-documented example of pedigree collapse. In the case of Charles II, the last Habsburg King of Spain, there were three uncle-niece marriages among the seven unions of his immediate ancestry (i.e. parents, grandparents and great-grandparents). His father and two of his great-grandfathers married their nieces.
The Habsburg monarchy, [i] also known as Habsburg Empire, or Habsburg Realm [j] (/ ˈ h æ p s b ɜːr ɡ /), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities that were ruled by the House of Habsburg. From the 18th century it is also referred to as the Austrian monarchy (Latin: Monarchia Austriaca) or the Danubian ...
Maria Antonia had the highest coefficient of inbreeding in the House of Habsburg, 0.3053: [6] her father was her mother's maternal uncle and paternal first cousin once removed, and her maternal grandparents were also uncle and niece. Her coefficient was higher than that of a child born to a parent and offspring, or brother and sister.
The two main candidates were the Austrian Habsburg Archduke Charles, and 16-year-old Philip of Anjou, grandson of Charles' half-sister Maria Theresa and Louis XIV of France. Shortly before his death in November 1700, Charles named Philip his heir, but the acquisition of an undivided Spanish Empire by either France or Austria threatened the ...
His grandson, Otto II, was the first to take on the name of the fortress as his own, adding Graf von Habsburg ("Count of Habsburg") to his title. The House of Habsburg gathered dynastic momentum during the 11th, 12th and 13th centuries, and in 1273, Radbot's seventh-generation descendant, Rudolph of Habsburg, became Roman-German King.
The family intermarried multiple times, securing power and influence across a European empire for 200 years - but it came with an unusual side-effect.