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A pair of distant signals on the NJT RiverLINE light rail. Note the 'D' boards placed in accordance with the NORAC "Distant Signal Rule". Distant signals are often referred to as approach signals as the signal block before the interlocking is known as the approach block. [citation needed]
In 1895, the Railway Signaling Club was organized at a meeting in Chicago, Illinois, and created a code of rules governing the operation of interlockings. In 1919, the Signaling Club became the Signal Division of the newly created American Railway Association (ARA) and the Telegraph Superintendents became its Telegraph and Telephone Section.
By the 1850s, railroad operating rules, often printed as pamphlets or on the back of a time card, had evolved to near universal application. On April 14, 1887 representatives of 48 railroads voted for the adoption of what is now known as the Standard Code of Operating Rules (SCOR), published by the AAR. Thus, all railroad rule books in North ...
The General Code of Operating Rules (GCOR) is a set of operating rules for railroads in the United States. The GCOR is used by Class I railroads west of Chicago , most of the Class II railroads , and many Short-line railroads .
The rules cover employee responsibilities, signaling equipment, procedures for safe train movement, dealing with accidents and other topics that directly and indirectly affect railroad safety. These rules govern operation on main lines, defined as those with some form of block control system.
The most universal type of light is the headlight, which is included on the front of locomotives, and frequently on the rear as well. [2] Other types of lights include classification lights, which indicate train direction and status, and ditch lights, which are a pair of lights positioned towards the bottom of a train to illuminate the tracks.
A position light signal is one where the position of the lights, rather than their colour, determines the meaning. The aspect consists solely of a pattern of illuminated lights, which are all of the same colour. In many countries, small position light signals are used as shunting signals, while the main signals are of colour light form.
Platform, tunnel, or street lighting which may affect the identification of braking points. Potential lineside distractions such as depots, yards and non-railway activities (e.g., outdoor swimming pools). Bi-directional working, reversible working or multi-track lines that do not run parallel to each other.