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An example of a molecular shuttle where the macrocyle (green) moves between two stations (yellow). A molecular shuttle in supramolecular chemistry is a special type of molecular machine capable of shuttling molecules or ions from one location to another.
The first example of an artificial molecular machine (a switchable molecular shuttle). The positively charged ring (blue) is initially positioned over the benzidine unit (green), but shifts to the biphenol unit (red) when the benzidine gets protonated (purple) as a result of electrochemical oxidation or lowering of the pH. [10]
For example, the shuttling behavior of the molecular shuttle can be controlled by the solvent or temperature. [21] Due to the hydrophobic interaction between rings and strings, and the repulsive interaction between rings and linkers, conditions that are capable of influencing these interactions can be used to control the mobility of the rings ...
Rotaxane synthesis can be carried out via a "capping," "clipping, "slipping" or "active template" mechanism. Synthesis via the capping method relies strongly upon a thermodynamically driven template effect; that is, the "thread" is held within the "macrocycle" by non-covalent interactions, for example rotaxinations with cyclodextrin macrocycles involve exploitation of the hydrophobic effect.
The net effect of the malate–aspartate shuttle is purely redox: NADH in the cytosol is oxidized to NAD +, and NAD + in the matrix is reduced to NADH. The NAD + in the cytosol can then be reduced again by another round of glycolysis, and the NADH in the matrix can be used to pass electrons to the electron transport chain so ATP can be synthesized.
A molecular switch is a molecule that can be reversibly shifted between two or more stable states. [1] [page needed] The molecules may be shifted between the states in response to environmental stimuli, such as changes in pH, light, temperature, an electric current, microenvironment, or in the presence of ions [2] and other ligands.
The mitochondrial shuttles are biochemical transport systems used to transport reducing agents across the inner mitochondrial membrane. NADH as well as NAD+ cannot cross the membrane, but it can reduce another molecule like FAD and [QH 2 ] that can cross the membrane, so that its electrons can reach the electron transport chain .
The citrate-malate shuttle is a series of chemical reactions, commonly referred to as a biochemical cycle or system, that transports acetyl-CoA in the mitochondrial matrix across the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes for fatty acid synthesis. [1]