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Accountability and transparency are of high relevance for non-governmental organisations (NGOs). In view of their responsibilities to stakeholders, including donors, sponsors, programme beneficiaries, staff, states and the public, they are considered to be of even greater importance to them than to commercial undertakings. [ 12 ]
Following rare but high-profile scandals, there are political incentives for a "self-interested blame business" promoting a presumption of "guilty until proven innocent" [13] [25] A literature review found that human resource management plays an important role in health care organizations: when such organizations rely predominantly on a ...
Accountability, in terms of ethics and governance, is equated with answerability, culpability, liability, and the expectation of account-giving. [ 1 ] As in an aspect of governance , it has been central to discussions related to problems in the public sector , nonprofit , private ( corporate ), and individual contexts.
Business ethics implementation can be categorized into two groups; formal and informal measures. Formal measures include training and courses pertaining to ethics. Informal measures are led by example from either the manager or the social norm of the company. [12] There are several steps to follow when trying to implement an ethical system.
Corporate transparency describes the extent to which a corporation's actions are observable by outsiders. This is a consequence of regulation, local norms, and the set of information, privacy, and business policies concerning corporate decision-making and operations openness to employees, stakeholders , shareholders and the general public.
Openness is an overarching concept that is characterized by an emphasis on transparency and collaboration. [1] [2] That is, openness refers to "accessibility of knowledge, technology and other resources; the transparency of action; the permeability of organisational structures; and the inclusiveness of participation". [2]
Transparency - operating where others can see what actions are performed; Accountability - taking responsibility for actions and their outcomes wherever due; Objectivity - having a well-informed unbiased view on practical matters; Respectfulness - treating colleagues and clients with care and compassion
A code of practice is adopted by a profession (or by a governmental or non-governmental organization) to regulate that profession. A code of practice may be styled as a code of professional responsibility, which will discuss difficult issues and difficult decisions that will often need to be made, and then provide a clear account of what behavior is considered "ethical" or "correct" or "right ...