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Pure malingering: feigning a disorder or illness that is nonexistent. It is arguably the most simple to detect. It is arguably the most simple to detect. This is because malingerers of this type tend to provide unreliable, additional symptoms when describing their supposed disorder, since they have to create an entire story from scratch.
A factitious disorder is a mental disorder in which a person, without a malingering motive, acts as if they have an illness by deliberately producing, feigning, or exaggerating symptoms, purely to attain (for themselves or for another) a patient's role.
Factitious disorders are fundamentally a mental problem, despite the repeated faking of symptoms there is no clear secondary gain. Of the factitious disorders, Munchausens is the most serious of the physical factitious disorders. Malingering is fundamentally different as it is a premeditated fraudulent behaviour for a clear seconday gain.
Factitious disorder is distinct from malingering in that people with factitious disorder do not fabricate symptoms for material gain such as financial compensation, absence from work, or access to drugs. [47] Somatiform disorders include a range of illnesses where physical symptoms result from psychological stressors. [48]
Primary gain can be a component of any disease, but is most typically demonstrated in conversion disorder — a psychiatric disorder in which stressors manifest themselves as physical symptoms without organic causes, such as a person who becomes blind after seeing a murder. The "gain" may not be particularly evident to an outside observer.
Ganser syndrome was listed under Factitious Disorder with Psychological Symptoms in the DSM-III. [13] The criteria of this category emphasized symptoms that cannot be explained by other mental disorders, psychological symptoms under the control of the individual, and the goal of assuming a patient role, not otherwise understandable given their circumstances.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that may develop after an individual experiences a traumatic event. [1] Malingering of PTSD consists of one feigning the disorder. In the United States, the Social Security Administration and the Department of Veterans Affairs each offer disability compensation programs that provide ...
This list also includes updates featured in the text revision of the DSM-IV, the DSM-IV-TR, released in July 2000. [ 2 ] Similar to the DSM-III-R , the DSM-IV-TR was created to bridge the gap between the DSM-IV and the next major release, then named DSM-V (eventually titled DSM-5 ). [ 3 ]