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In pathology, a contracture is a shortening of muscles, tendons, skin, and nearby soft tissues that causes the joints to shorten and become very stiff, preventing normal movement. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] A contracture is usually permanent, but less commonly can be temporary (such as in McArdle disease ), [ 3 ] or resolve over time but reoccur later in life ...
Fissure is a lesion in the skin that is usually narrow but deep. [29] [33] Induration is dermal thickening causing the cutaneous surface to feel thicker and firmer. [29] Atrophy refers to a loss of skin, and can be epidermal, dermal, or subcutaneous. [30] With epidermal atrophy, the skin appears thin, translucent, and wrinkled. [29]
The skin weighs an average of four kilograms, covers an area of two square metres, and is made of three distinct layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. [1] The two main types of human skin are: glabrous skin, the hairless skin on the palms and soles (also referred to as the "palmoplantar" surfaces), and hair-bearing skin. [3]
Muscle contractures can occur for many reasons, such as paralysis, muscular atrophy, and forms of muscular dystrophy. Fundamentally, the muscle and its tendons shorten, resulting in reduced flexibility. Various interventions can slow, stop, or even reverse muscle contractures, ranging from physical therapy to surgery.
Poikiloderma vasculare atrophicans (PVA), is a cutaneous condition (skin disease) characterized by hypo- or hyperpigmentation (diminished or heightened skin pigmentation, respectively), telangiectasia and skin atrophy. [3] [4] [5] Other names for the condition include prereticulotic poikiloderma and atrophic parapsoriasis. [6]
There are five signs and symptoms of acute compartment syndrome. [6] They are known as the "5 Ps": pain, pallor, decreased pulse, paresthesia, and paralysis. [6] Pain and paresthesia are the early symptoms of compartment syndrome. [19] [6] Common symptoms are: Pain: A person may feel pain greater than the exam findings. [6]
Tubular aggregate myopathy (TAM1 & TAM2) includes, among other symptoms, contractures, muscle weakness, and fatty atrophy of muscle. [24] [25] [26] Typical to Bethlem myopathy 1 and 2 are the presence of multiple contractures. [11] [5] A contracture can be caused by a variety of reasons, from disease to lifestyle (see Muscle contractures).
Cutaneous ciliated cysts are a cutaneous condition characterized by solitary cysts located on the legs of females. [ 1 ] : 682 They are usually asymptomatic. The exact causes is unknown but they are believed to be made of ectopic Mullerian residue or ciliated eccrine gland metaplasia.