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A labor camp (or labour camp, see spelling differences) or work camp is a detention facility where inmates are forced to engage in penal labor as a form of punishment. Labor camps have many common aspects with slavery and with prisons (especially prison farms). Conditions at labor camps vary widely depending on the operators.
Whitewater was a labour camp for German prisoners-of-war in Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba. Operating from 1943 to 1945, the camp was built on the northeast shore of Whitewater Lake, approximately 300 kilometres (190 mi) north-west of Winnipeg. The camp consisted of fifteen buildings and housed 440 to 450 prisoners of war. [1] [2]
The camps were identified by letters at first, then by numbers. [5] In addition to the main camps there were branch camps and labour camps. The prisoners were given various tasks; many worked in the forests as logging crews or on nearby farms; they were paid a nominal amount for their labour. Approximately 11,000 were thus employed by 1945.
Germans formed a large proportion of the detainees since Canada served as a place of detention for German prisoners of war on behalf of the British. [1] The prisoners were given various tasks; many worked in the forests as logging crews. In addition to the main camps, there were branch camps and labour camps. [1]
However, in the documents of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs, the terms "forced labour camp" and "concentration camp" were often used interchangeably; there is also the name "concentration labour camps", [6] so most likely this division into types was largely formal. In addition, when necessary (for example, when the Tambov ...
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With the onset of spring, the camp returned once more to the Castle Mountain site. This process of return and relocation would continue until August 1917 when the camp was finally closed when the internees were conditionally released to industry to meet the growing labour shortage. The Castle Mountain camp was a difficult facility to administer.
In October of 1932 the first federal relief camps opened in Canada. [3] In November of 1932 camps started in eastern Canada and immediately housed over 2000 men. [3] To cut costs, the government set up these camps in or in close proximity to existing military facilities and used the military's personnel and administrative experience to keep the ...