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The base of a Yellow Birch trunk. In botany, the trunk (or bole) is the stem and main wooden axis of a tree, [1] which is an important feature in tree identification, and which often differs markedly from the bottom of the trunk to the top, depending on the species. The trunk is the most important part of the tree for timber production.
Tree trunks not only vary in shape from top to bottom, but also vary in shape over time. The overall shape of a tree trunk can be defined as a form factor: V = F · A · H, where A = area of the base at a designated height (such as 4.5 feet), H = full height of tree, and F = the form factor. [27]
It is not the same as the length of the trunk. [note 1] If a tree is leaning, the trunk length may be greater than the height of the tree. The base of the tree is where the projection of the pith (center) of the tree intersects the existing supporting surface upon which the tree is growing or where the seed sprouted.
Tree height is the vertical distance between the base of the tree and the highest sprig at the top of the tree. The base of the tree is measured for both height and girth as being the elevation at which the pith of the tree intersects the ground surface beneath, or "where the acorn sprouted."
Measurement of tree circumference, the tape calibrated to show diameter, at breast height, making sure that the tape is perfectly level and that the tape is not kinked, so as not to skew the reading of the diameter. Diameter at breast height, or DBH, is a standard method of expressing the diameter of the trunk or bole of a standing tree.
When stocking, a tree's basal area is measured. The basal area is a cross-sectional area of the stump taken about 4.5 feet (1.4 m) above the ground. [7] The equation for calculating the basal area of trees in a stand is Basal Area = 0.005454 DBH 2, where DBH is the diameter of the tree at the aforementioned measuring height. [7]
Tree stump, about 37 years after falling. After a tree has been cut and has fallen, the stump or tree stump is usually a small remaining portion of the trunk with the roots still in the ground. Stumps may show the age-defining rings of a tree. The study of these rings is known as dendrochronology. Stump sculpture by German artist Eberhard Bosslet
Tree girth measurement diagram. Tree girth is a measurement of the circumference of tree trunk. It is one of the most ancient, quickest, and simplest of foresters' measures of size and records of growth of living and standing trees. The methods and equipment have been standardized differently in different countries.