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Surgical options if the cataracts are bilateral and the vision is compromised include removing the affected lens of the eye and correcting the vision as early as possible so that the infants eyes can develop normally with visual stimuli. Some congenital cataracts are too small to affect vision, therefore no surgery or treatment will be done.
[2] [5] Prognosis is good if cataracts are detected early and surgery occurs aged 6 weeks for unilateral cataracts and at 8 weeks for bilateral cataracts. [5] Favorable outcomes are associated with timely surgery, appropriate postoperative care, and visual rehabilitation postoperatively. [4]
It was first described in 1952 by American paediatrician Charles Upton Lowe (August 24, 1921 – February 9, 2012) [12] [13] and colleagues at the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. [14] Because of the three major organ systems involved (eyes, brain and kidney), it is known as oculocerebrorenal syndrome. [1]
Cataract surgery is the most common application of lens removal surgery, and is usually associated with lens replacement. It is used to remove the natural lens of the eye when it has developed a cataract, a cloudy area in the lens that causes visual impairment. [4] [10] Cataracts usually develop slowly and can affect one or both eyes. [4]
Cross-sectional view, showing the position of the human lens Ultrasound scan of a unilateral cataract seen in a fetus at twenty weeks of pregnancy. Cataracts may be partial or complete, stationary or progressive, hard or soft. Histologically, the main types of age-related cataracts are nuclear sclerosis, cortical, and posterior subcapsular. [41]
PCO is a common side-effect of many cataract surgeries and is easily treatable with a one-time laser capsulotomy procedure (see below). Accommodating IOLs interact with ciliary muscles and zonules , using hinges at both ends to "latch on" and move forward and backward inside the eye using the same nerves and musculature as normal accommodation.
In a pregnant woman, scotomata can present as a symptom of severe pre-eclampsia, a form of pregnancy-induced hypertension. Similarly, scotomata may develop as a result of the increased intracranial pressure that occurs in malignant hypertension. The scotoma is also caused by the aminoglycoside antibiotics mainly by streptomycin.
Visual or vision impairment (VI or VIP) is the partial or total inability of visual perception.In the absence of treatment such as corrective eyewear, assistive devices, and medical treatment, visual impairment may cause the individual difficulties with normal daily tasks, including reading and walking. [6]