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Vulvovaginal atrophy and atrophic vaginitis have been the preferred terms for this condition and cluster of symptoms until recently. These terms are now regarded as inaccurate in describing changes to the entire genitourinary system occurring after menopause.
Vaginal introital laxity is often associated with a decrease in sensation during sexual intercourse. [5] It may also lead to reduced production of natural lubricating substances in the female body, such as vaginal fluid and cervical mucus, resulting in reduced friction and pressure. [5]
During menopause, hormone levels decrease, which causes changes in the vulva known as vulvovaginal atrophy. [56] The decreased estrogen affects the mons, the labia, and the vaginal opening and can cause pale, itchy, and sore skin. [ 56 ]
Vaginitis, also known as vulvovaginitis, is inflammation of the vagina and vulva. [4] [5] Symptoms may include itching, burning, pain, discharge, and a bad smell. [1]Certain types of vaginitis may result in complications during pregnancy.
The term vagina is from Latin vāgīna, meaning "sheath" or "scabbard". [1] The vagina may also be referred to as the birth canal in the context of pregnancy and childbirth. [2] [3] Although by its dictionary and anatomical definitions, the term vagina refers exclusively to the specific internal structure, it is colloquially used to refer to the vulva or to both the vagina and vulva.
In a study from 1993, the mean value was given as 9.2 cm, in a study from 2006 only 6.27 cm with a variation of the lengths between 4.1 and 9.5 cm. [71] [72] If the woman is not sufficiently aroused with a deep penetration the penis bumps against the cervix causing pain. If the stretching capacity of the vagina is exceeded by a too large penis ...
There are factors that can predispose women to vaginal injury during consensual sex. These things include: first sexual experience, pregnancy, vigorous penetration, vaginal atrophy and spasm, previous operation or radiation therapy, disproportionate genitalia, penile ornamentation, and congenital anomalies. [5]
Menopause is usually diagnosed through symptoms of vaginal atrophy, pelvic exams, and taking a comprehensive medical history consisting of last menstruation cycle. There is no definitive testing available for determining menopause as the symptom complex is the primary indicator [ 5 ] and because the lower levels of estradiol are harder to ...