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Serious side effects may include angioedema, gallstones, liver problems, and muscle breakdown. [3] Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is of unclear safety. [5] It belongs to the fibrates group of medications and works by decreasing the breakdown of lipids in fat cells. [3] Gemfibrozil was patented in 1968, and came into medical use in 1982. [6]
Fibrates may be compared to statin drugs, which reduce LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and have only limited effects on other lipid parameters. Clinical trials have shown that the combination of statins and fibrates results in a significantly greater reduction in LDL-C and triglyceride levels and greater increases in high-density lipoprotein ...
Common side effects include liver problems, breathing problems, abdominal pain, muscle problems, and nausea. [3] Serious side effects may include toxic epidermal necrolysis, rhabdomyolysis, gallstones, and pancreatitis. [3] Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not recommended. [6] [7] It works by multiple mechanisms. [3]
In chronic liver diseases such as cirrhosis, bile acids may deposit in the skin, causing pruritus (itching). Hence, bile acid sequestrants may be used for the prevention of pruritus in patients with chronic liver disease. [10] Bile acid sequestrants may also be used to treat hyperthyroidism as an adjunct therapy.
Comparable to statins and ezetimibe, fibrates are usually well-tolerated with mild adverse reactions, with the exception of gemfibrozil. Some of the more prevalent side effects are minor gastrointestinal disturbances such as abdominal pain and cholithiasis on account of the increased excretion of biliary cholesterol. [23]
Cerivastatin was generally found to be well tolerated, side effects being rare. Minor side effects include diarrhea, fatigue, gas, heartburn, nasal congestion and headache. Patients with alcoholic or other liver diseases were advised to use cerivastatin with caution. [19]