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A spectrochemical series is a list of ligands ordered by ligand "strength", and a list of metal ions based on oxidation number, group and element.For a metal ion, the ligands modify the difference in energy Δ between the d orbitals, called the ligand-field splitting parameter in ligand field theory, or the crystal-field splitting parameter in crystal field theory.
The magnitude of Δ o is determined by the field-strength of the ligand: strong field ligands, by definition, increase Δ o more than weak field ligands. Ligands can now be sorted according to the magnitude of Δ o (see the table below). This ordering of ligands is almost invariable for all metal ions and is called spectrochemical series.
The spectrochemical series is an empirically-derived list of ligands ordered by the size of the splitting Δ that they produce. It can be seen that the low-field ligands are all π-donors (such as I −), the high field ligands are π-acceptors (such as CN − and CO), and ligands such as H 2 O and NH 3, which are neither, are in the middle.
Lean beef includes certain cuts of beef, such as round tip roast and top sirloin steak, the Mayo Clinic says. And the category also includes lean ground beef, which can be used in meatballs ...
Ligands of proteins can be characterized also by the number of protein chains they bind. "Monodesmic" ligands (μόνος: single, δεσμός: binding) are ligands that bind a single protein chain, while "polydesmic" ligands (πολοί: many) [ 31 ] are frequent in protein complexes, and are ligands that bind more than one protein chain ...
The Mayo Clinic diet was created by weight management practitioners at the Mayo Clinic and was designed as a lifestyle change program to promote gradual and sustained weight loss, says Melissa ...
Transition metal complexes of phosphine oxides are coordination complex containing one or more phosphine oxide ligands. Many phosphine oxides exist and most behave as hard Lewis bases. Almost invariably, phosphine oxides bind metals by formation of M-O bonds. [1] Structure of NiCl 2 [OP(C 6 H 5) 3] 2. Selected bond lengths: 1.96 (Ni-O) and 1.51 ...
Halides are X-type ligands in coordination chemistry. They are both σ- and π-donors. Chloride is commonly found as both a terminal ligand and a bridging ligand. The halide ligands are weak field ligands. Due to a smaller crystal field splitting energy, the homoleptic halide complexes of the first transition series are all high spin.