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In 1994, at the age of 75, Ausubel retired from professional life to devote himself full-time to writing. He then published four books: [3] Ego development and Psychopathology (1996), The Acquisition and Retention of Knowledge (2000), Theory and Problems of Adolescent Development (2002), and; Death and the Human Condition (2002),
Prior knowledge or subsumption or anchor idea: This is the relevant knowledge that the individual has in their cognitive structure before obtaining the new knowledge. The meaning of the new knowledge that was learned depends on the existence of knowledge already in the individual’s cognitive structure. [8]
By relating new information to prior knowledge, learners reorganize their cognitive structures rather than build an entirely new one from scratch. Educational psychologist Richard E. Mayer reinterpreted Ausubel's subsumption theory within his own theory of assimilation encoding. In applying the use of organizers to the assimilation theory ...
Novak's work is based on the assimilation theory of cognitivist David Ausubel, who stressed the importance of prior knowledge in being able to learn new concepts. "The most important single factor influencing learning is what the learner already knows. Ascertain this and teach accordingly." [5]
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that examines the nature, origin, and limits of knowledge.Also called theory of knowledge, it explores different types of knowledge, such as propositional knowledge about facts, practical knowledge in the form of skills, and knowledge by acquaintance as a familiarity through experience.
Definitions of knowledge aim to identify the essential features of knowledge. Closely related terms are conception of knowledge, theory of knowledge, and analysis of knowledge. Some general features of knowledge are widely accepted among philosophers, for example, that it involves cognitive success and epistemic contact with reality.
SECI model of knowledge dimensions – Model of knowledge creation; Solution-focused brief therapy – Goal-directed approach to psychotherapy; Theory of multiple intelligences – Pseudoscientific theory of multiple types of human intelligence; Transtheoretical model, also known as Stages of change – Integrative theory of therapy
Teaching Theory of Knowledge – Marjorie Clay (ed.), an electronic publication from The Council for Philosophical Studies. An Introduction to Epistemology by Paul Newall, aimed at beginners. A Summary of Sunni Epistemology A concise and accessible introduction to epistemology in the Muslim world for laymen