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  2. Gene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene

    Associated enhancers may be many kilobase away, or even on entirely different chromosomes operating via physical contact between two chromosomes. [69] [70] A single gene can encode multiple different functional products by alternative splicing, and conversely a gene may be split across chromosomes but those transcripts are concatenated back ...

  3. Locus (genetics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locus_(genetics)

    In genetics, a locus (pl.: loci) is a specific, fixed position on a chromosome where a particular gene or genetic marker is located. [1] Each chromosome carries many genes, with each gene occupying a different position or locus; in humans, the total number of protein-coding genes in a complete haploid set of 23 chromosomes is estimated at ...

  4. Human genome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_genome

    A major difference between the two genomes is human chromosome 2, which is equivalent to a fusion product of chimpanzee chromosomes 12 and 13. [ 110 ] (later renamed to chromosomes 2A and 2B, respectively).

  5. Deletion (genetics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deletion_(genetics)

    Deletion on a chromosome. In genetics, a deletion (also called gene deletion, deficiency, or deletion mutation) (sign: Δ) is a mutation (a genetic aberration) in which a part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is left out during DNA replication. Any number of nucleotides can be deleted, from a single base to an entire piece of chromosome. [1]

  6. Chromosome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 22 February 2025. DNA molecule containing genetic material of a cell This article is about the DNA molecule. For the genetic algorithm, see Chromosome (genetic algorithm). Chromosome (10 7 - 10 10 bp) DNA Gene (10 3 - 10 6 bp) Function A chromosome and its packaged long strand of DNA unraveled. The DNA's ...

  7. Human genetic variation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_genetic_variation

    Differences between individuals, even closely related individuals, are the key to techniques such as genetic fingerprinting. The human genome has a total length of approximately 3.2 billion base pairs (bp) in 46 chromosomes of DNA as well as slightly under 17,000 bp DNA in cellular mitochondria.

  8. Genomic DNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomic_DNA

    Most organisms have the same genomic DNA in every cell; however, only certain genes are active in each cell to allow for cell function and differentiation within the body. [2] gDNA predominantly resides in the cell nucleus packed into dense chromosome structures. Chromatin refers to the combination of DNA and proteins that make up chromosomes.

  9. Chimpanzee genome project - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimpanzee_Genome_Project

    As mentioned above, gene duplications are a major source of differences between human and chimpanzee genetic material, with about 2.7 percent of the genome now representing differences having been produced by gene duplications or deletions during approximately 6 million years [11] since humans and chimpanzees diverged from their common ...