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  2. Cramér–Rao bound - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cramér–Rao_bound

    [6] [7] It is also known as Fréchet-Cramér–Rao or Fréchet-Darmois-Cramér-Rao lower bound. It states that the precision of any unbiased estimator is at most the Fisher information; or (equivalently) the reciprocal of the Fisher information is a lower bound on its variance.

  3. Evidence lower bound - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence_lower_bound

    In variational Bayesian methods, the evidence lower bound (often abbreviated ELBO, also sometimes called the variational lower bound [1] or negative variational free energy) is a useful lower bound on the log-likelihood of some observed data.

  4. Q-function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q-function

    In statistics, the Q-function is the ... Finally, the best lower bound is given by = / ... there is no simple analytical formula for the Q-function.

  5. Fisher information - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher_information

    The Cramér–Rao bound [9] [10] states that the inverse of the Fisher information is a lower bound on the variance of any unbiased estimator of θ. Van Trees (1968) and Frieden (2004) provide the following method of deriving the Cramér–Rao bound, a result which describes use of the Fisher information.

  6. List of probability distributions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_probability...

    The Ewens's sampling formula is a probability distribution on the set of all partitions of an integer n, arising in population genetics. The Balding–Nichols model; The multinomial distribution, a generalization of the binomial distribution. The multivariate normal distribution, a generalization of the normal distribution.

  7. Efficiency (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efficiency_(statistics)

    The Cramér–Rao lower bound is a lower bound of the variance of an unbiased estimator, representing the "best" an unbiased estimator can be. An efficient estimator is also the minimum variance unbiased estimator (MVUE). This is because an efficient estimator maintains equality on the Cramér–Rao inequality for all parameter values, which ...

  8. Variational Bayesian methods - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variational_Bayesian_methods

    Variational Bayesian methods are a family of techniques for approximating intractable integrals arising in Bayesian inference and machine learning.They are typically used in complex statistical models consisting of observed variables (usually termed "data") as well as unknown parameters and latent variables, with various sorts of relationships among the three types of random variables, as ...

  9. Copula (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copula_(statistics)

    The lower bound is point-wise sharp, in the sense that for fixed u, there is a copula ~ such that ~ = (). However, W is a copula only in two dimensions, in which case it corresponds to countermonotonic random variables.