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Bail is a set of pre-trial restrictions that are imposed on a suspect to ensure that they will not hamper the judicial process. Court bail may be offered to secure the conditional release of a defendant with the promise to appear in court when required. [1]
Stationhouse bail, through which bail is set and can be paid by a defendant accused of a misdemeanor at the police station. This allows them to be released prior to appearing before a judge. [59] Stationhouse bail uses a fixed amount in order to make bail for certain law violations. [60]
The Eighth Amendment was adopted, as part of the Bill of Rights, in 1791.It is almost identical to a provision in the English Bill of Rights of 1689, in which Parliament declared, "as their ancestors in like cases have usually done ... that excessive bail ought not to be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted."
The Bail Reform Act of 1966, one of the first significant pieces of the federal bail legislation, made "willfully fail[ing] to appear before any court or judicial officer as required" punishable by up to five years in prison and a $5,000 fine. [12] In 1984, Congress increased the sanctions for FTAs in federal court. [13]
If a judge posts excessive bail, the defendant's lawyer may make a motion in court to lower the bail or appeal directly to a higher court. The excessive bail provision of the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution is based on old English common law and the English Bill of Rights.
English: An Act to make provision in relation to bail in or in connection with criminal proceedings in England and Wales, to make it an offence to agree to indemnify sureties in criminal proceedings, to make provision for legal aid limited to questions of bail in certain cases and for legal aid for persons kept in custody for inquiries or reports, to extend the powers of coroners to grant bail ...
United States v. Salerno, 481 U.S. 739 (1987), was a United States Supreme Court decision that determined that the Bail Reform Act of 1984 was constitutional, which permitted the federal courts to detain an arrestee prior to trial if the government could prove that the individual was potentially a danger to society.
The BoCSaR review noted that cases such as Philip Western, who killed a bank manager while on bail, were capable of triggering reviews of the bail law. [10] While the Committee recommended a presumption in favour of bail for all offenses, an exception was added for violent or armed robbery by the NSW Government. [ 16 ]