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Williams flexion exercises (WFE) – also called Williams lumbar flexion exercises – are a set of related physical exercises intended to enhance lumbar flexion, avoid lumbar extension, and strengthen the abdominal and gluteal musculature in an effort to manage low back pain non-surgically.
Injuries and pain in the musculoskeletal system caused by acute traumatic events like a car accident or fall are not considered musculoskeletal disorders. [4] MSDs can affect many different parts of the body including upper and lower back, neck, shoulders and extremities (arms, legs, feet, and hands). [5]
Low back pain is not a specific disease but rather a complaint that may be caused by a large number of underlying problems of varying levels of seriousness. [30] The majority of low back pain does not have a clear cause [1] but is believed to be the result of non-serious muscle or skeletal issues such as sprains or strains. [31]
Ergonomic hazards are physical conditions that may pose a risk of injury to the musculoskeletal system due to poor ergonomics. These hazards include awkward or static postures, high forces, repetitive motion , or insufficient rest breaks activities.
These modalities can help reduce the swelling and pain. [23] Commonly prescribed treatments for early-stage RSIs include analgesics, myofeedback, biofeedback, physical therapy, relaxation, intermittent vacuum therapy [24] and ultrasound therapy. [6] Low-grade RSIs can sometimes resolve themselves if treatments begin shortly after the onset of ...
[1] [2] Waddell's signs may indicate non-organic or psychological component to chronic low back pain. Historically they have also been used to detect malingering in patients with back pain. While testing takes less than one minute, [2] it has been described as time-consuming and alternatives have been proposed. [3]
In 2002–03, the majority of those who sought chiropractic did so for relief from back and neck pain and other neuromusculoskeletal complaints; [19] most do so specifically for low back pain. [ 19 ] [ 224 ] The majority of U.S. chiropractors participate in some form of managed care. [ 8 ]
Spinal manipulation appears to provide similar effects to other recommended treatments for chronic low back pain. [57] There is no evidence it is more effective than other therapies or sham, or as an adjunct to other treatments, for acute low back pain [58] "Back school" is an intervention that consists of both education and physical exercises.