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In the central nervous system, high levels of oxygen can cause seizures, which are a significant risk in hyperbaric oxygen therapy if not carefully monitored. [3] Besides, hyperoxia can result in vasoconstriction , particularly affecting cerebral and coronary circulation, potentially leading to adverse outcomes, including increased mortality in ...
Prolonged exposure to high inspired fractions of oxygen causes damage to the retina. [46] [47] [48] Damage to the developing eye of infants exposed to high oxygen fraction at normal pressure has a different mechanism and effect from the eye damage experienced by adult divers under hyperbaric conditions.
Many people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have a low partial pressure of oxygen in the blood and high partial pressure of carbon dioxide.Treatment with supplemental oxygen may improve their well-being; alternatively, in some this can lead to the adverse effect of elevating the carbon dioxide content in the blood (hypercapnia) to levels that may become toxic.
The effects of high altitude on humans are mostly the consequences of reduced partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere. The medical problems that are direct consequence of high altitude are caused by the low inspired partial pressure of oxygen, which is caused by the reduced atmospheric pressure, and the constant gas fraction of oxygen in ...
The needs of the body's blood oxygen may fluctuate such as during exercise when more oxygen is required [5] or when living at higher altitudes. A blood cell is said to be "saturated" when carrying a normal amount of oxygen. [6] Both too high and too low levels can have adverse effects on the body. [7]
[3] [9] [15] Giving oxygen at flow rates high enough to maintain an SpO 2 at or above 90% is a fair substitute for descent. [3] [9] [15] In the hospital setting, oxygen is generally given by nasal cannula or face mask for several hours until the person is able to maintain oxygen saturations above 90% while breathing the surrounding air. [3]
Continued oxygen deprivation results in fainting, long-term loss of consciousness, coma, seizures, cessation of brain stem reflexes, and brain death. [7] Objective measurements of the severity of cerebral hypoxia depend on the cause. Blood oxygen saturation may be used for hypoxic hypoxia, but is generally meaningless in other forms of hypoxia ...
The best known explanation of the oxygen effect is the oxygen fixation hypothesis developed by Alexander in 1962, [9] which posited that radiation-induced non-restorable or "fixed" nuclear DNA lesions are lethal to cells in the presence of diatomic oxygen. [10] [11] Recent hypotheses include one based on oxygen-enhanced damage from first ...