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The early Sangam poetry diligently follows two meters, while the later Sangam poetry is a bit more diverse. [ 26 ] [ 27 ] The two meters found in the early poetry are akaval and vanci . [ 28 ] The fundamental metrical unit in these is the acai (metreme [ 29 ] ), itself of two types – ner and nirai .
Pandyas are mentioned in Sangam Literature (c. 400 BCE – 300 CE) as well as by Greek and Roman sources during this period. Grey pottery with engravings, Arikamedu. The early Pandya dynasty of the Sangam literature went into obscurity during the invasion of the Kalabhras. The dynasty revived under Kadungon in the early 6th century CE, pushed ...
The Early Pandyas of the Sangam period were one of the three main kingdoms of the Tamilakam (southern India), the other two being the Cholas, and Cheras dynasty. As with many other kingdoms around this period (earlier than 200 BCE), most of the information about the Early Pandyas come to modern historians mainly through literary sources and some epigraphic, archaeological and numismatic evidence.
A large body of Tamil works collectively known as the Sangam (Academy) texts (c. 2nd century BCE - 3rd century CE) describes a number of Chera, Pandya and Chola rulers. [ 33 ] [ 34 ] Among them, the most important sources for the Cheras are the Pathitrupattu , the Akananuru , and the Purananuru .
It was especially widespread during the Sangam age. The Tamil kings, in order to save their honour, and prestige, were prepared to meet their death facing North ('Vatakkiruttal'), and never would they turn their back in battle. It was a Tamil martial vow (Tamil: நோன்பு, nōnpu, 'vow').
The Cheras were another prominent dynasty during the Sangam Age in South India, alongside the Cholas and the Pandyas. The Chera kingdom, located in present-day Kerala and Kongu Nadu, had a significant impact on trade, economy, and cultural exchange during that time. The Cheras were known for their extensive trade networks and maritime activities.
The economy of the ancient Tamil country (Sangam era: 600 BCE – 300 CE) describes the ancient economy of a region in southern India that mostly covers the present-day states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala. The main economic activities were agriculture, weaving, pearl fishery, manufacturing and construction.
Sangam refers to the assembly of the highly learned people of the ancient Tamil land, with the primary aim of advancing the literature. There were historically three Sangams. There were historically three Sangams.