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In the dominant dialects of modern English, gh is almost always either silent or pronounced /f/ (see Ough). It is thought that before disappearing, the sound became partially or completely voiced to [ɣx] or [ɣ], which would explain the new spelling — Old English used a simple h — and the diphthongization of any preceding vowel.
The sound of a hard g (which often precedes the non-front vowels a o u or a consonant) is usually the voiced velar plosive [ɡ] (as in gain or go) while the sound of a soft g (typically before i , e , or y ) may be a fricative or affricate, depending on the language.
To illustrate: gh can only resemble f when following the letters ou or au at the end of certain morphemes ("tough", "cough", "laugh"), while ti would only resemble sh when followed by a vowel sound. The expected pronunciation in English would sound like "goatee" / ˈ ɡ oʊ t i /, not "fish". [1]
ch (usually makes tsh sound) ci (makes s sound) ck (makes k sound) gh (makes f or g sound (also silent)) ng (makes a voiced velar nasal) ph (makes f sound) qu (makes kw sound) rh (makes r sound) sc (makes s sound (also a blend) [clarification needed]) sh (makes ch sound without t) th (makes theta or eth sound) ti (makes sh sound) wh (makes w sound)
In Welsh, the digraph ll fused for a time into a ligature.. A digraph (from Ancient Greek δίς (dís) 'double' and γράφω (gráphō) 'to write') or digram is a pair of characters used in the orthography of a language to write either a single phoneme (distinct sound), or a sequence of phonemes that does not correspond to the normal values of the two characters combined.
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. went from making his own presidential run in this year's election to landing a Cabinet pick by President Donald Trump to lead the Department of Health and Human Services ...
The voiced velar fricative is a type of consonantal sound that is used in various spoken languages. It is not found in most varieties of Modern English but existed in Old English . [ 1 ] The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɣ , a Latinized variant of the Greek letter gamma , γ , which has this sound ...
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