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The orbital angular momentum of light (OAM) is the component of angular momentum of a light beam that is dependent on the field spatial distribution, and not on the polarization. OAM can be split into two types. The internal OAM is an origin-independent angular momentum of a light beam that can be associated with a helical or twisted wavefront.
The total angular momentum of light consists of two components, both of which act in a different way on a massive colloidal particle inserted into the beam. The spin component causes the particle to spin around its axis, while the other component, known as orbital angular momentum (OAM), causes the particle to rotate around the axis of the beam.
Orbital angular momentum multiplexing is a physical layer method for multiplexing signals carried on electromagnetic waves using the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the electromagnetic waves to distinguish between the different orthogonal signals. [1]
The general expression for the spin angular momentum is [1] =, where is the speed of light in free space and is the conjugate canonical momentum of the vector potential.The general expression for the orbital angular momentum of light is =, where = {,,,} denotes four indices of the spacetime and Einstein's summation convention has been applied.
Orbital angular momentum is distinct from the more commonly encountered spin angular momentum, which produces circular polarization. [1] Orbital angular momentum of light can be observed in the orbiting motion of trapped particles. Interfering an optical vortex with a plane wave of light reveals the spiral phase as concentric spirals. The ...
Interferometric methods borrowed from light optics also work to determine the orbital angular momentum of free electrons in pure states. Interference with a planar reference wave, [5] diffractive filtering and self-interference [15] [16] [17] can serve to characterize a prepared electron orbital angular momentum state. In order to measure the ...
For reference and background, two closely related forms of angular momentum are given. In classical mechanics, the orbital angular momentum of a particle with instantaneous three-dimensional position vector x = (x, y, z) and momentum vector p = (p x, p y, p z), is defined as the axial vector = which has three components, that are systematically given by cyclic permutations of Cartesian ...
Rotational angular momentum of the Moon: 10 33: 7.07 × 10 33: Rotational angular momentum of the Earth [2] 10 34: 2.871 × 10 34: Orbital angular momentum of the Moon, with respect to the Earth. [3] 10 40: 2.661 × 10 40: Orbital angular momentum of the Earth, with respect to the Sun [2] 10 41: 1.676 × 10 41: Rotational angular momentum of ...