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2. Borax - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borax

   Borax alone does not have a high affinity for hardness cations, although it has been used for water-softening. Its chemical equation for water-softening is given below: Ca 2+ (aq) + Na 2 B 4 O 7 (aq) → CaB 4 O 7 (s)↓ + 2 Na + (aq) Mg 2+ (aq) + Na 2 B 4 O 7 (aq) → MgB 4 O 7 (s)↓ + 2 Na + (aq) The sodium ions introduced do not make water ...

3. Boron - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron

   Boric acid has antiseptic, antifungal, and antiviral properties and, for these reasons, is applied as a water clarifier in swimming pool water treatment. [130] Mild solutions of boric acid have been used as eye antiseptics. [citation needed] Bortezomib (marketed as Velcade and Cytomib). Boron appears as an active element in the organic ...

4. Boron trichloride - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron_trichloride

   Boron trichloride is a starting material for the production of elemental boron. It is also used in the refining of aluminium, magnesium, zinc, and copper alloys to remove nitrides, carbides, and oxides from molten metal. It has been used as a soldering flux for alloys of aluminium, iron, zinc, tungsten, and monel. Aluminium castings can be ...

5. Water purification - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_purification

   Station for complex water treatment SKO-10K. One of the first steps in most conventional water purification processes is the addition of chemicals to assist in the removal of particles suspended in water. Particles can be inorganic such as clay and silt or organic such as algae, bacteria, viruses, protozoa and natural organic matter.

6. Boron compounds - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron_compounds

   Unlike silicates, boron minerals never contain boron with coordination number greater than four. A typical motif is exemplified by the tetraborate anions of the common mineral borax , shown at left. The formal negative charge of the tetrahedral borate center is balanced by metal cations in the minerals, such as the sodium (Na + ) in borax . [ 1 ]

7. Ultrapure water - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrapure_water

   Ultrapure water (UPW), high-purity water or highly purified water (HPW) is water that has been purified to uncommonly stringent specifications. Ultrapure water is a term commonly used in manufacturing to emphasize the fact that the water is treated to the highest levels of purity for all contaminant types, including: organic and inorganic compounds; dissolved and particulate matter; volatile ...