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The halogens (/ ˈ h æ l ə dʒ ə n, ˈ h eɪ-,-l oʊ-,-ˌ dʒ ɛ n / [1] [2] [3]) are a group in the periodic table consisting of six chemically related elements: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and the radioactive elements astatine (At) and tennessine (Ts), though some authors [4] would exclude tennessine as its chemistry is unknown and is theoretically expected to ...
In chemistry, a group (also known as a family) [1] is a column of elements in the periodic table of the chemical elements. ... halogens: Group 18: 0: VIIIA: helium group
The name "halogen", meaning "salt producer", was originally used for chlorine in 1811 by Johann Salomo Christoph Schweigger. [23] This term was later used as a generic term to describe all the elements in the chlorine family (fluorine, bromine, iodine), after a suggestion by Jöns Jakob Berzelius in 1826.
Halogen lamp (105 W) for replacement purposes with an E27 screw base A close-up of a halogen lamp capsule A halogen lamp (also called tungsten halogen , quartz-halogen , and quartz iodine lamp) is an incandescent lamp consisting of a tungsten filament sealed in a compact transparent envelope that is filled with a mixture of an inert gas and a ...
Because of this lengthy recycling process, the bulb's life-span is far longer than its incandescent cousin. But while halogens can last three times longer than incandescent bulbs, they are far ...
The elements in group 13 are also capable of forming stable compounds with the halogens, usually with the formula MX 3 (where M is a boron-group element and X is a halogen.) [14] Fluorine, the first halogen, is able to form stable compounds with every element that has been tested (except neon and helium), [15] and the boron group is no exception.
The other halogens do not form halides with tellurium in the +6 oxidation state, but only tetrahalides (TeCl 4, TeBr 4 and TeI 4) in the +4 state, and other lower halides (Te 3 Cl 2, Te 2 Cl 2, Te 2 Br 2, Te 2 I and two forms of TeI). In the +4 oxidation state, halotellurate anions are known, such as TeCl 2− 6 and Te 2 Cl 2− 10.
The excimers used for lasers may be noble gas dimers such as Ar 2, Kr 2 or Xe 2, or more commonly, the noble gas is combined with a halogen in excimers such as ArF, KrF, XeF, or XeCl. These lasers produce ultraviolet light, which, due to its short wavelength (193 nm for ArF and 248 nm for KrF), allows for high-precision imaging.