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Administration of MDMA to mice causes DNA damage in their brain, [83] especially when the mice are sleep deprived. [84] Even at the very low doses that are comparable to those self-administered by humans, MDMA causes oxidative stress and both single and double-strand breaks in the DNA of the hippocampus region of the mouse brain. [85]
MDMA/citalopram is a combination of the entactogen and monoamine releasing agent 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; also known as midomafetamine or "ecstasy") and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram which is under development for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
"Recreational Use of Ecstasy Causes New Brain Damage: Trend to sequential doses of popular drug can have long-term lasting effects". The JHU Gazette (Johns Hopkins University Gazette). 32 (5). Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America: Johns Hopkins University. Archived from the original on 21 April 2017
She spent three months on life support and two weeks in a coma after taking one capsule of MDMA. Family posts shocking video of teen's brain damage after trying ecstasy drug Skip to main content
Along with 3,4-dihydroxyamphetamine (HHA; α-methyldopamine), HHMA may be involved in the serotonergic neurotoxicity of MDMA. [1] [5] [6] [3] However, findings in this regard are conflicting, and the neurotoxicity of MDMA and related agents may instead be based on their mechanism of action without involvement of metabolites. [3] [5] [6] [7] [8]
Ricaurte's retracted article on the neurotoxicity of ecstasy, originally published in Science, received attention after its findings suggested that a single night's use of MDMA could cause dopamine dysfunction. These results were considered surprising, as MDMA primarily increases the activity of serotonin. [2]
The results of the study support the idea that serotonin damage due to MDMA use causes lateral inhibition to diminish amongst orientation sensitive neurons in the occipital lobe. [3] This was demonstrated by the Ecstasy group showing a greater increase in the magnitude of the TAE illusion compared to the controls. [3]
In 1986, it was presumed that permanent brain damage may result from chronic use of benzodiazepines similar to alcohol-related brain damage. [70] In 1987, 17 inpatient people who used high doses of benzodiazepines non-medically have anecdotally shown enlarged cerebrospinal fluid spaces with associated cerebral atrophy. Cerebral atrophy ...