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The Indo-Aryan languages, or sometimes Indic languages, [a] are a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family. As of 2024, there are more than 1.5 billion speakers, primarily concentrated east of the Indus river in Bangladesh , North India , Eastern Pakistan , Sri Lanka , Maldives and Nepal . [ 4 ]
The Indo-Iranian languages (also known as Indo-Iranic languages [4] [5] or collectively the Aryan languages [6]) constitute the largest branch of the Indo-European language family. They include over 300 languages, [ 7 ] [ 8 ] spoken by around 1.7 billion speakers worldwide, predominantly in South Asia , West Asia and parts of Central Asia .
The Indo-European languages are primarily represented in Asia by the Indo-Iranian branch, with its two main subgroups: Indo-Aryan and Indo-Iranian. Indo-Aryan languages are mainly spoken in South Asia. Examples include languages such as Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu), Bengali, Bhojpuri, Punjabi, Marathi, Rajasthani, Gujarati, Sylheti)
The Middle Indo-Aryan languages (or Middle Indic languages, sometimes conflated with the Prakrits, which are a stage of Middle Indic) are a historical group of languages of the Indo-Aryan family. They are the descendants of Old Indo-Aryan (OIA; attested through Vedic Sanskrit ) and the predecessors of the modern Indo-Aryan languages , such as ...
Indo-Aryan Para-Romani (Romani Ethnolects based on Indo-European languages, mainly Romani lexic with other languages grammars and variable Romani grammar features also) Romani–Other Indo-Iranian Romani–Iranian Romani–Persian Afghanistan Gorbat; Persian Romani (mixed Romani-Persian) Magati; Romani–Domari–Armenian
Pages in category "Indo-Aryan languages" The following 90 pages are in this category, out of 90 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. ...
Major Indo-Aryan languages of South Asia; Eastern Indo-Aryan languages in shades of yellow. The Eastern Indo-Aryan languages, also known as Māgadhan languages, are spoken throughout the eastern region of the Indian subcontinent, which includes Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Bengal region, Tripura, Assam, and Odisha; alongside other regions surrounding the northeastern Himalayan corridor.
The following changes are common to Middle Indo-Aryan and Dardic: . Pali, Prakrit, Hindustani, and many other Indo-Aryan languages partially-preserve some conservative features of Proto-Indo-Aryan (PIA) lost in Vedic Sanskrit, though spontaneous changes produce many counter-examples: [8]