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Krill (Euphausiids) [1] (sg.: krill) are small and exclusively marine crustaceans of the order Euphausiacea, found in all of the world's oceans. [2] The name "krill" comes from the Norwegian word krill, meaning "small fry of fish", [3] which is also often attributed to species of fish.
Forage fish, also called prey fish or bait fish, are small pelagic fish that feed on planktons (i.e. planktivores) and other small aquatic organisms (e.g. krill). They are in turn preyed upon by various predators including larger fish, seabirds and marine mammals , this making them keystone species in their aquatic ecosystems .
The Antarctic petrel (Thalassoica antarctica) is a boldly marked dark brown and white petrel, found in Antarctica, most commonly in the Ross and Weddell Seas.They eat Antarctic krill, fish, and small squid.
The capelin or caplin (Mallotus villosus) is a small forage fish of the smelt family found in the North Atlantic, North Pacific and Arctic oceans. [1] In summer, it grazes on dense swarms of plankton at the edge of the ice shelf. Larger capelin also eat a great deal of krill and other crustaceans.
Krill is a rich source of protein and omega-3 fatty acids which are under development in the early 21st century as human food, dietary supplements as oil capsules, livestock food, and pet food. [10] [11] [12] Most krill is processed to produce fish food for use in aquariums and aquacultures. The krill is sold freeze-dried, either whole or ...
Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) is a species of krill found in the Antarctic waters of the Southern Ocean. It is a small, swimming crustacean that lives in large schools, called swarms , sometimes reaching densities of 10,000–30,000 animals per cubic metre. [ 3 ]
All icefish are believed to be piscivorous, but can also feed on krill. [10] Icefish are typically ambush predators; thus, they can survive long periods between feeding, and often consume fish up to 50% of their own body length. Maximum body lengths of 25–50 cm (9.8–19.7 in) have been recorded in these species.
Younger icefish tend to eat krill, and then switch to mackerel icefish when they grow (about 30 cm). From data collected in different locations, researchers have determined that the blackfin icefish likely feeds sporadically, consuming large quantities of fish and krill at a time, but at irregular intervals. [ 9 ]