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The Scoville scale is a measurement of pungency (spiciness or "heat") of chili peppers and other substances, recorded in Scoville heat units (SHU). It is based on the concentration of capsaicinoids , among which capsaicin is the predominant component.
The technique utilizes high-performance liquid chromatography to identify and measure the concentrations of the various compounds that produce a heat sensation. Scoville units are roughly 1 ⁄ 15 the size of pungency units while measuring capsaicin, so a rough conversion is to multiply pungency by 15 to obtain Scoville heat units. [108]
The heat intensity of capsaicinoids is measured in Scoville heat units (SCU) by the Scoville heat scale. [1] List of capsaicinoids. Structural formula Name
The ghost chili is rated at more than one million Scoville Heat Units (SHUs) and far surpasses the amount of a cayenne pepper. However, in the race to grow the hottest chili pepper, the ghost chili was superseded by the Trinidad Scorpion Butch T pepper in 2011, the Carolina Reaper in 2013 and Pepper X in 2023. [8]
Chili pepper species and cultivars registering over 1,000,000 Scoville Heat units (SHU) are called "super-hots". Past Guinness World Record holders (in increasing order of hotness) include the ghost pepper, Infinity chili, Trinidad Moruga scorpion, Naga Viper pepper, Trinidad Scorpion Butch T, and Carolina Reaper.
Scoville scale 50,000–175,000 SHU Piri piri ( / ˌ p ɪr i ˈ p ɪr i / PIRR -ee- PIRR -ee ), often hyphenated or as one word, and with variant spellings peri-peri ( / ˌ p ɛr i ˈ p ɛr iː / ) or pili pili , [ 1 ] also known as African bird's eye chili [ 2 ] is a cultivar of Capsicum frutescens from the malagueta pepper .
The intensity of the "heat" of chili peppers is commonly reported in Scoville heat units (SHU), invented by American pharmacist Wilbur Scoville in 1912.
[7] [8] It was later claimed through media outlets such as the Associated Press that an individual Carolina Reaper had a heat level of 2.2 million SHU. [ 7 ] [ 9 ] [ b ] Currie eventually bred an even stronger pepper—known as " Pepper X "—that took the title of "World's Hottest Pepper" on August 23, 2023 that was tested indicating an ...