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The names of China include the many contemporary and historical designations given in various languages for the East Asian country known as Zhōngguó (中国; 中國; 'Central State', 'Middle Kingdom') in Standard Chinese, a form based on the Beijing dialect of Mandarin.
The Middle Kingdom, a name for China, from the translation of its native Chinese name, Zhongguo Middle Kingdom of Egypt , designation of The Period of Reunification (c. 2000-1700 BC) Middle kingdoms of India , political entities from the 3rd century BC to the 1200s
The sinocentric term that is ‘Celestial Empire’ had many implications for the construction of Chinese nationalism. That is, the euphemistic nature of term elevated social perception of the nation to a status of authoritative and commanding nature for citizens; thus, highlighting the terms significance in fostering Chinese nationalism during the rule of the Qing dynasty.
[1] [2] Jacques refers to the estimates on China's economic superiority, such as made by Goldman Sachs, and concludes that China's future economic strength will heavily alter the political and cultural landscape of the future world. The book was originally released in the UK under the subtitle "The Rise of the Middle Kingdom and the End of the ...
Furthermore, the Jin emperors referred to their state as China, Zhongguo (中國) (“Middle Kingdom”), just as some other non-Han dynasties. [6] Non-Han rulers expanded the definition of "China" to include non-Han peoples in addition to Han people whenever they ruled China. [ 7 ]
Before the 13th century AD, instances of Europeans going to China or of Chinese going to Europe were very rare. [1] Euthydemus I, Hellenistic ruler of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom in Central Asia during the 3rd century BC, led an expedition into the Tarim Basin (modern Xinjiang, China) in search of precious metals.
Note: "middle states" (Chinese: 中國; pinyin: Zhōngguó) in this quotation refers to the "Middle Kingdom", i.e. China. Spade-foot three-legged pottery vessels as well as one and two handled pots were primary cultural characteristics of the Xirong. [citation needed]
In Korea, the kingdom of Goguryeo, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, adopted the Chinese concept of tianxia which was based on Mandate of Heaven, however in Goguryeo it was changed to be based on divine ancestry. In the Goguryeo story, Jumong was born to Hye Moss, the son of the Emperor, and Yu Hwa, the daughter of Habaek, the god of water.