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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 11 February 2025. German mathematician, astronomer, geodesist, and physicist (1777–1855) "Gauss" redirects here. For other uses, see Gauss (disambiguation). Carl Friedrich Gauss Portrait by Christian Albrecht Jensen, 1840 (copy from Gottlieb Biermann, 1887) Born Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-04-30 ...
An intelligence quotient (IQ) is a total score derived from a set of standardized tests or subtests designed to assess human intelligence. [1] Originally, IQ was a score obtained by dividing a person's mental age score, obtained by administering an intelligence test, by the person's chronological age, both expressed in terms of years and months.
Disquisitiones Arithmeticae (Latin for Arithmetical Investigations) is a textbook on number theory written in Latin by Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1798, when Gauss was 21, and published in 1801, when he was 24. It had a revolutionary impact on number theory by making the field truly rigorous and systematic and paved the path for modern number theory.
Generalizations of Gauss's lemma can be used to compute higher power residue symbols. In his second monograph on biquadratic reciprocity, [4]: §§69–71 Gauss used a fourth-power lemma to derive the formula for the biquadratic character of 1 + i in Z[i], the ring of Gaussian integers.
[52] [53] Based on the historical findings of the Terman study and on biographical examples such as Richard Feynman, who had a self-reported IQ of 125 and went on to win the Nobel Prize in physics and become widely known as a genius, [54] [55] the current view of psychologists and other scholars of genius is that a minimum level of IQ ...
German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) said, "Mathematics is the queen of the sciences—and number theory is the queen of mathematics." [ 1 ] Number theorists study prime numbers as well as the properties of mathematical objects constructed from integers (for example, rational numbers ), or defined as generalizations of the ...
for integer k ≥ 1, and is sometimes called Gauss's multiplication formula, in honour of Carl Friedrich Gauss. The multiplication theorem for the gamma functions can be understood to be a special case, for the trivial Dirichlet character , of the Chowla–Selberg formula .
The problems are posed in Gauss's Disquisitiones Arithmeticae of 1801 (Section V, Articles 303 and 304). [1] Gauss discusses imaginary quadratic fields in Article 303, stating the first two conjectures, and discusses real quadratic fields in Article 304, stating the third conjecture. Gauss conjecture (class number tends to infinity)