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Hyoscine butylbromide, also known as scopolamine butylbromide [4] and sold under the brandname Buscopan among others, [5] is an anticholinergic medication used to treat abdominal pain, esophageal spasms, bladder spasms, biliary colic, [6] and renal colic. [7] [8] It is also used to improve excessive respiratory secretions at the end of life. [9]
Scopolamine, also known as hyoscine, [9] or Devil's Breath, [10] is a natural or synthetically produced tropane alkaloid and anticholinergic drug that is used as a medication to treat motion sickness [11] and postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Hypersalivation can contribute to drooling if there is an inability to keep the mouth closed or difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia) the excess saliva, which can lead to excessive spitting. Hypersalivation also often precedes emesis (vomiting), where it accompanies nausea (a feeling of needing to vomit).
[6] [7] Three types of medications are useful: antimuscarinics such as scopolamine, H 1 antihistamines such as dimenhydrinate, and amphetamines such as dexamphetamine. [3] Side effects, however, may limit the use of medications. [3] A number of medications used for nausea such as ondansetron are not effective for motion sickness. [3]
Methylscopolamine or methscopolamine, usually provided as the bromide or nitrate salt, is an oral medication used along with other medications to treat peptic ulcers by reducing stomach acid secretion. [1] Proton pump inhibitors and antihistamine medications have made this use obsolete.
Those who are dying may lose their ability to swallow and may have increased production of bronchial secretions, resulting in such an accumulation. [3] Usually, two or three days earlier, symptoms of approaching death can be observed, such as saliva accumulating in the throat, difficulty taking even a spoonful of water, shortness of breath ...
Contamination with - or excessive exposure to - certain chemicals including: nerve agents, (e.g., sarin, VX, Novichok agents). organophosphorus insecticides (e.g., parathion, aldicarb) nicotine poisoning can be thought of as a subset of cholinergic crisis, as it also involves excessive parasympathetic stimulation. [5]
Scopolamine (Hyoscine) has anti-emetic activity and is, therefore, used to treat motion sickness. Antimuscarinics are also used as anti-parkinsonian drugs. In parkinsonism , there is imbalance between levels of acetylcholine and dopamine in the brain, involving both increased levels of acetylcholine and degeneration of dopaminergic pathways ...