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Subsets of functional neurological disorders include functional neurologic symptom disorder (FNsD) (conversion disorder), functional movement disorder, and functional seizures. The diagnosis is made based on positive signs and symptoms in the history and examination during consultation of a neurologist. [3]
Some warning signs include: a child of more than two months who has stiff legs that scissor and is unable to control his or her head, and a child of more than twelve months who has not developed the ability to crawl or stand. [2] Spastic quadriplegia also presents a range of symptoms that affect the musculature.
Symptoms of spastic cerebral palsy vary as the disability can affect individuals differently. [2] However, they typically appear in infancy and early childhood and most children are diagnosed in the first two years of life. [7] The main indicator of spastic cerebral palsy is a delay in reaching motor milestones. [2]
In children, the most common cause is a stroke of the ventral pons. [9]Unlike persistent vegetative state, in which the upper portions of the brain are damaged and the lower portions are spared, locked-in syndrome is essentially the opposite, caused by damage to specific portions of the lower brain and brainstem, with no damage to the upper brain.
The Gross Motor Function Classification System is a good indicator of hip issues, [88] [75] and more commonly occurs in children with spastic tetraplegia or spastic quadriplegia, but it is difficult to tell what type of CP a child has at the age where hip displacement might first become an issue (sometimes at 2 years old, but more commonly ...
Signs and symptoms vary among people and over time, [1] [3] but include poor coordination, stiff muscles, weak muscles, and tremors. [1] There may be problems with sensation, vision, hearing, and speech. [1] Often, babies with cerebral palsy do not roll over, sit, crawl or walk as early as other children. [1]
Another form of treatment for monoplegia is functional electrical stimulation (FES). It is targeted at patients who acquired monoplegia through incidents such as a spinal cord injury, stroke, multiple sclerosis, or cerebral palsy and utilizes electrical stimulation in order to cause the remaining motor units in the paralyzed muscles to contract ...
Some children with quadriplegia also have hemiparetic tremors, an uncontrollable shaking that affects the limbs on one side of the body and impairs normal movement. Occasionally, terms such as monoplegia, paraplegia, triplegia, and pentaplegia may also be used to refer to specific manifestations of the spasticity.