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An affricate is a consonant that begins as a stop and releases as a fricative, generally with the same place of articulation (most often coronal). It is often difficult to decide if a stop and fricative form a single phoneme or a consonant pair. [1] English has two affricate phonemes, /t͜ʃ/ and /d͜ʒ/, often spelled ch and j, respectively.
A voiced alveolar affricate is a type of affricate consonant pronounced with the tip or blade of the tongue against the alveolar ridge (gum line) just behind the teeth. This refers to a class of sounds, not a single sound. There are several types with significant perceptual differences:
The voiced palato-alveolar sibilant affricate, voiced post-alveolar affricate or voiced domed postalveolar sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The sound is transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with d͡ʒ (formerly the ligature ʤ ), or in some broad transcriptions ɟ , and the ...
The voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant affricate or voiceless domed postalveolar sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages.The sound is transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with t͡ʃ , t͜ʃ tʃ (formerly the ligature ʧ ), or, in broad transcription, c .
voiceless alveolar linguo-pulmonic affricate [ǃ͡χ] voiced alveolar linguo-pulmonic affricate [ǃ͡ʁ] voiceless alveolar lateral linguo-pulmonic affricate [ǁ͡χ] voiced alveolar lateral linguo-pulmonic affricate [ǁ͡ʁ] voiceless retroflex linguo-pulmonic affricate [𝼊͡χ] voiced retroflex linguo-pulmonic affricate [𝼊͡ʁ]
The voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represent this sound are d͡ʑ , d͜ʑ , ɟ͡ʑ and ɟ͜ʑ , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbols are d_z\ and J\_z\, though transcribing the stop component with ɟ (J\ in X-SAMPA) is rare.
This sound is the non-sibilant equivalent of the voiced alveolo-palatal affricate. It occurs in languages such as Albanian , and Skolt Sami , among others. The voiced palatal affricate is quite rare; it is mostly absent from Europe as a phoneme (it occurs as an allophone in most Spanish dialects), with the aforementioned Uralic languages and ...
The voiceless alveolar lateral affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is t͡ɬ (often simplified to tɬ ), and in Americanist phonetic notation it is ƛ ( barred lambda ).