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In the simplest case, the cation is a metal atom and the anion is a nonmetal atom, but these ions can be more complex, e.g. polyatomic ions like NH + 4 or SO 2− 4. In simpler words, an ionic bond results from the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal to obtain a full valence shell for both atoms.
If the cations have multiple possible oxidation states, then it is possible for cation vacancies to compensate for electron deficiencies on cation sites with higher oxidation numbers, resulting in a non-stoichiometric compound. [54] Another non-stoichiometric possibility is the formation of an F-center, a free electron occupying an anion ...
The Free Music Archive (FMA) is an online repository of royalty-free music, currently based in the Netherlands. [1] Established in 2009 by the East Orange, New Jersey community radio station WFMU and in cooperation with fellow stations KBOO and KEXP , it aims to provide music under Creative Commons licenses that can be freely downloaded and ...
In chemistry, a counterion (sometimes written as "counter ion", pronounced as such) is the ion that accompanies an ionic species in order to maintain electric neutrality. In table salt (NaCl, also known as sodium chloride) the sodium ion (positively charged) is the counterion for the chloride ion (negatively charged) and vice versa.
In chemistry, protonation (or hydronation) is the adding of a proton (or hydron, or hydrogen cation), usually denoted by H +, to an atom, molecule, or ion, forming a conjugate acid. [1] (The complementary process, when a proton is removed from a Brønsted–Lowry acid, is deprotonation.) Some examples include The protonation of water by ...
In acidic media, the oxonium functional group produced by protonating an alcohol can be a leaving group in the E2 elimination reaction. The product is an alkene. Extreme acidity, heat, and dehydrating conditions are usually required. Other hydrocarbon oxonium ions are formed by protonation or alkylation of alcohols or ethers (R−C− + −R 1 ...
The tert-butyl cation is a relatively stable carbenium ion. [1] A carbenium ion is a positive ion with the structure RR′R″C +, that is, a chemical species with carbon atom having three covalent bonds, and it bears a +1 formal charge. Carbenium ions are a major subset of carbocations, which
Video albums by individual artists should not be put in this main category. Instead, they should be placed in their own subcategories of Category:Video albums by artist, under the format [[Category:(Artist name) video albums]]. The only video albums in this category should be compilation albums of many artists, or articles about series of video ...