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Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia is a devastating disease that causes severe anemia in dogs through red blood cell destruction by the immune system. It has been associated with vaccinations and certain drugs, although many cases are idiopathic .
Naproxen (Aleve)* has a long half-life in dogs and can cause gastrointestinal irritation, anemia, melena (digested blood in feces), and vomiting. [ 175 ] Antifreeze * is very dangerous to dogs and causes central nervous system depression and acute kidney injury .
Clinical signs of the chronic phase include weight loss, pale gums due to anemia, bleeding due to thrombocytopenia, vasculitis, lymphadenopathy, dyspnea, coughing, polyuria, polydipsia, lameness, ophthalmic diseases such as retinal hemorrhage and anterior uveitis, and neurological disease. Dogs that are severely affected can die from this disease.
Anemia must be significant before a person becomes noticeably pale. [1] Additional symptoms may occur depending on the underlying cause. [1] Anemia can be temporary or long term and can range from mild to severe. [6] Anemia can be caused by blood loss, decreased red blood cell production, and increased red blood cell breakdown. [1]
Hemolytic anemia affects nonhuman species as well as humans. It has been found, in a number of animal species, to result from specific triggers. [51] Some notable cases include hemolytic anemia found in black rhinos kept in captivity, with the disease, in one instance, affecting 20% of captive rhinos at a specific facility.
Dr. Marty Becker, DVM, Chief Veterinary Officer of Well Groomed Pets and founder of Fear Free, adds more detail: "Chronic stress in dogs is maladaptive—meaning it's harmful to a dog's well-being ...
Anemia of chronic disease (ACD) [1] [2] or anemia of chronic inflammation [3] is a form of anemia seen in chronic infection, chronic immune activation, and malignancy. These conditions all produce elevation of interleukin-6 , which stimulates hepcidin production and release from the liver.
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