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Crater densities indicate that the smooth plains are significantly younger than ejecta from the Caloris basin. [7] In addition, distinct color units, some of lobate shape, are observed in newly processed color data. [13] Such relations strongly support a volcanic origin for the mercurian smooth plains, even in the absence of diagnostic landforms.
In engineering, the Moody chart or Moody diagram (also Stanton diagram) is a graph in non-dimensional form that relates the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor f D, Reynolds number Re, and surface roughness for fully developed flow in a circular pipe. It can be used to predict pressure drop or flow rate down such a pipe.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. [3] The Golgi apparatus is a series of multiple compartments where molecules are packaged for delivery to other cell components or for secretion from the cell. [ 4 ]
From the chart, it is evident that the friction factor is never zero, even for smooth pipes because of some roughness at the microscopic level. The friction factor for laminar flow of Newtonian fluids in round tubes is often taken to be: [4] = [5] [2] where Re is the Reynolds number of the flow.
Smooth functions with given closed support are used in the construction of smooth partitions of unity (see partition of unity and topology glossary); these are essential in the study of smooth manifolds, for example to show that Riemannian metrics can be defined globally starting from their local existence.
Roundness is an important indicator of the genetic affiliation of a clastic rock.The degree of roundness points to the range and mode of transport of clastic material, and can also serve as a search criterion in mineral exploration, especially for placer deposits.
This atlas contains every chart that is compatible with the smooth structure. There is a natural one-to-one correspondence between smooth structures and maximal smooth atlases. Thus, we may regard a smooth structure as a maximal smooth atlas and vice versa. In general, computations with the maximal atlas of a manifold are rather unwieldy.
In this article, the following conventions and definitions are to be understood: The Reynolds number Re is taken to be Re = V D / ν, where V is the mean velocity of fluid flow, D is the pipe diameter, and where ν is the kinematic viscosity μ / ρ, with μ the fluid's Dynamic viscosity, and ρ the fluid's density.