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Metoprolol, sold under the brand name Lopressor among others, is a medication used to treat angina, high blood pressure and a number of conditions involving an abnormally fast heart rate. [4] It is also used to prevent further heart problems after myocardial infarction and to prevent headaches in those with migraines . [ 4 ]
They can treat other non-cardiac symptoms as off-label uses, such as migraine prophylaxis, arrhythmias, tremors, and anxiety disorders. [4] Common examples include atenolol, bisoprolol, esmolol, metoprolol, and nebivolol. [4]
Tremor, excessive sweating, anxiety, insomnia, and agitation [5] More severe effects include paradoxical bronchospasm, hypokalemia, and in rare cases a myocardial infarction. [4] (More severe effects, such as pulmonary edema, myocardial ischemia, and cardiac arrhythmia, are exceptional.) [6] [7] [1]
Conversely, central nervous system-related benefits of beta blockers may include prevention and treatment of migraine, essential tremor, akathisia, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, aggression, and obsessive–compulsive disorder. [76] Most beta blockers are lipophilic and can cross into the brain, but there are a number of exceptions. [76]
There is clear evidence from many controlled trials in the past 25 years that beta blockers are effective in anxiety disorders, though the mechanism of action is not known. [3] Some people have used beta blockers for performance type social anxiety, or "stage fright." In particular, musicians, public speakers, actors, and professional dancers ...
Adrenergic blocking agents are a class of drugs that exhibit its pharmacological action through inhibiting the action of the sympathetic nervous system [1] in the body. The sympathetic nervous system(SNS) is an autonomic nervous system that we cannot control by will.