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  2. Begging the question - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begging_the_question

    Closely connected with begging the question is the fallacy of circular reasoning (circulus in probando), a fallacy in which the reasoner begins with the conclusion. [26] The individual components of a circular argument can be logically valid because if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true, and does not lack relevance.

  3. List of fallacies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies

    Loaded label – while not inherently fallacious, the use of evocative terms to support a conclusion is a type of begging the question fallacy. When fallaciously used, the term's connotations are relied on to sway the argument towards a particular conclusion.

  4. Fallacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacy

    An example of a language dependent fallacy is given as a debate as to who in humanity are learners: the wise or the ignorant. [18]: 3 A language-independent fallacy is, for example: "Coriscus is different from Socrates." "Socrates is a man." "Therefore, Coriscus is different from a man." [18]: 4

  5. Informal fallacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informal_fallacy

    Traditionally, a great number of informal fallacies have been identified, including the fallacy of equivocation, the fallacy of amphiboly, the fallacies of composition and division, the false dilemma, the fallacy of begging the question, the ad hominem fallacy and the appeal to ignorance. There is no general agreement as to how the various ...

  6. Circular reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_reasoning

    Circular reasoning (Latin: circulus in probando, "circle in proving"; [1] also known as circular logic) is a logical fallacy in which the reasoner begins with what they are trying to end with. [2] Circular reasoning is not a formal logical fallacy, but a pragmatic defect in an argument whereby the premises are just as much in need of proof or ...

  7. Category:Informal fallacies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Informal_fallacies

    Package-deal fallacy; Parable of the broken window; Parade of horribles; Poisoning the well; Politician's syllogism; Presentism (historical analysis) Proof by assertion; Proving too much; Psychologist's fallacy

  8. NYPD’s $400K-a-year top earner Quathisha Epps is retiring ...

    www.aol.com/nypd-400k-top-earner-quathisha...

    With patrol duty and a probe looming, Epps filed paperwork Monday for a vested separation retirement, according to information obtained by The Post.

  9. Glossary of logic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_logic

    A definition intended to influence attitudes or stir emotions by embedding an evaluative component, often used in ethical or political arguments. petitio principii Also known as begging the question, an informal fallacy where the conclusion of an argument is assumed in one of the premises. Philonian conditional