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Abstractive summarization methods generate new text that did not exist in the original text. [12] This has been applied mainly for text. Abstractive methods build an internal semantic representation of the original content (often called a language model), and then use this representation to create a summary that is closer to what a human might express.
A paraphrase can be introduced with verbum dicendi—a declaratory expression to signal the transition to the paraphrase. For example, in "The author states 'The signal was red,' that is, the train was not allowed to proceed," the that is signals the paraphrase that follows. A paraphrase does not need to accompany a direct quotation. [20]
Paraphrase or paraphrasing in computational linguistics is the natural language processing task of detecting and generating paraphrases. Applications of paraphrasing are varied including information retrieval, question answering , text summarization , and plagiarism detection . [ 1 ]
In the 1980s, Annemarie Sullivan Palincsar and Ann L. Brown developed a technique called reciprocal teaching that taught students to predict, summarize, clarify, and ask questions for sections of a text. The use of strategies like summarizing after each paragraph has come to be seen as effective for building students' comprehension.
Strategies used may include paraphrasing, substitution, coining new words, switching to the first language, and asking for clarification. [2] [3] These strategies, with the exception of switching languages, are also used by native speakers. [2]
QuillBot is a software developed in 2017 that uses artificial intelligence to rewrite and paraphrase text ... but indicated the importance of English language ...