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Defining equation (physical chemistry) List of electromagnetism equations; List of equations in classical mechanics; List of equations in fluid mechanics; List of equations in gravitation; List of equations in nuclear and particle physics; List of equations in wave theory; List of photonics equations; List of relativistic equations
Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory that describes the behavior of nature at and below the scale of atoms. [2]: 1.1 It is the foundation of all quantum physics, which includes quantum chemistry, quantum field theory, quantum technology, and quantum information science.
quantum field theory in curved spacetime; axiomatic, algebraic and constructive quantum field theory; C*-algebra formalism; Generalized statistical model of quantum mechanics; A related topic is the relationship to classical mechanics. Any new physical theory is supposed to reduce to successful old theories in some approximation.
This article describes the mathematics of the Standard Model of particle physics, a gauge quantum field theory containing the internal symmetries of the unitary product group SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1). The theory is commonly viewed as describing the fundamental set of particles – the leptons, quarks, gauge bosons and the Higgs boson.
The idea of quantum field theory began in the late 1920s with British physicist Paul Dirac, when he attempted to quantize the energy of the electromagnetic field; just as in quantum mechanics the energy of an electron in the hydrogen atom was quantized. Quantization is a procedure for constructing a quantum theory starting from a classical theory.
The Standard Model of particle physics is the theory describing three of the four known fundamental forces (electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions – excluding gravity) in the universe and classifying all known elementary particles.
The equations for relativistic quantum fields, of which the Klein–Gordon and Dirac equations are two examples, can be obtained in other ways, such as starting from a Lagrangian density and using the Euler–Lagrange equations for fields, or using the representation theory of the Lorentz group in which certain representations can be used to ...
In particle physics, quantum electrodynamics (QED) is the relativistic quantum field theory of electrodynamics. [1] [2] [3] In essence, it describes how light and matter interact and is the first theory where full agreement between quantum mechanics and special relativity is achieved. [2]