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Mesopotamia [a] is a historical region of West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent. Today, Mesopotamia is known as present-day Iraq .
Mušḫuššu bas-relief in the Pergamon Museum. The mušḫuššu (𒈲𒍽; formerly also read as sirrušu or sirrush) or mushkhushshu (pronounced [muʃxuʃʃu] or ) is a creature from ancient Mesopotamian mythology.
Akkadian cylinder seal dating to c. 2300 BCE depicting the deities Inanna, Enki, and Utu, three members of the Anunnaki. The Anunnaki (Sumerian: 𒀭𒀀𒉣𒈾, also transcribed as Anunaki, Annunaki, Anunna, Ananaki and other variations) are a group of deities of the ancient Sumerians, Akkadians, Assyrians and Babylonians.
Syriac alphabet. Aramaic (Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: ארמית, romanized: ˀərāmiṯ; Classical Syriac: ܐܪܡܐܝܬ, romanized: arāmāˀiṯ [a]) is a Northwest Semitic language that originated in the ancient region of Syria and quickly spread to Mesopotamia, the southern Levant, southeastern Anatolia, Eastern Arabia [3] [4] and the Sinai Peninsula, where it has been continually written ...
god gal-gal-g̃u-ene-ra great- REDUP - 1. POSS - PL. AN - DAT dig̃ir gal-gal-g̃u-ene-ra god great-REDUP-1.POSS-PL.AN-DAT "for my great gods" The possessive, plural and case markers are traditionally referred to as "suffixes", but have recently also been described as enclitics or postpositions. Gender The two genders have been variously called animate and inanimate, [143] human and non-human ...
A god named Bel was the chief-god of Palmyra, Syria in pre-Hellenistic times, being worshipped alongside the gods Aglibol and Yarhibol. [3] Originally, he was known as Bol, [4] after the Northwestern Semitic word Ba'al [5] (usually used to refer to the god Hadad), until the cult of Bel-Marduk spread to Palmyra and by 213 BC, Bol was renamed to Bel. [4]
Phoenician 12th c. BCE . Paleo-Hebrew 10th c. BCE . Samaritan 6th c. BCE; Aramaic 8th c. BCE . Kharosthi 3rd c. BCE; Brahmi 3rd c. BCE ()Pallava 4th century . Cham 4th century; Dhives Akuru 6th century
Map showing the extent of Mesopotamia. The Civilization of Mesopotamia ranges from the earliest human occupation in the Paleolithic period up to Late antiquity.This history is pieced together from evidence retrieved from archaeological excavations and, after the introduction of writing in the late 4th millennium BC, an increasing amount of historical sources.