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In modern physics, the double-slit experiment demonstrates that light and matter can exhibit behavior of both classical particles and classical waves. This type of experiment was first performed by Thomas Young in 1801, as a demonstration of the wave behavior of visible light. [1] In 1927, Davisson and Germer and, independently, George Paget ...
The Michelson–Morley experiment was an attempt to measure the motion of the Earth relative to the luminiferous aether, [A 1] a supposed medium permeating space that was thought to be the carrier of light waves. The experiment was performed between April and July 1887 by American physicists Albert A. Michelson and Edward W. Morley at what is ...
From a book published in 1807 relating lectures given by Young in 1802 to London's Royal Institution. While studying medicine at Göttingen in the 1790s, Young wrote a thesis on the physical and mathematical properties of sound [4] and in 1800, he presented a paper to the Royal Society (written in 1799) where he argued that light was also a wave motion.
Pictet's experiment: Marc-Auguste Pictet: Demonstration Thermal radiation: 1797 Cavendish experiment: Henry Cavendish: Measurement Gravitational constant: 1799 Voltaic pile: Alessandro Volta: Demonstration First electric battery: 1803 Young's interference experiment: Thomas Young: Confirmation Wave theory of light: 1819 Arago spot experiment ...
In the late 17th century, Sir Isaac Newton had advocated that light was corpuscular (particulate), but Christiaan Huygens took an opposing wave description. While Newton had favored a particle approach, he was the first to attempt to reconcile both wave and particle theories of light, and the only one in his time to consider both, thereby anticipating modern wave-particle duality.
Einstein's 1909 arguments for the wave–particle duality of light were based on a thought experiment. Einstein imagined a mirror in a cavity containing particles of an ideal gas and filled with black-body radiation, with the entire system in thermal equilibrium. The mirror is constrained in its motions to a direction perpendicular to its surface.
The original Arago spot experiment was carried out a decade later and was the deciding experiment on the question of whether light is a particle or a wave. It is thus an example of an experimentum crucis. At that time, many favored Isaac Newton's corpuscular theory of light, among them the theoretician Siméon Denis Poisson. [10]
The Davisson–Germer experiment confirmed the de Broglie hypothesis that matter has wave-like behavior. This, in combination with the Compton effect discovered by Arthur Compton (who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1927), [9] established the wave–particle duality hypothesis which was a fundamental step in quantum theory.