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White Americans, as the largest racial group in the United States, have historically had better health outcomes than oppressed racial groups in America. [1] However, in recent years, the scholarly discourse has switched from recognition of the immense positive health outcomes of white Americans towards understanding the growing persistence of negative outcomes unique to this racial group.
The Biden administration provided vaccines from state stockpiles to community health clinics, put federal clinics in those communities, and "helped local organizations set up clinics at churches, barbershops and beauty salons." By the end of 2021, Covid death rates among Black and Latino Americans were generally lower than those of white Americans.
For racial and ethnic minorities in the United States, health disparities take on many forms, including higher rates of chronic disease, premature death, and maternal mortality compared to the rates among whites. For example, African Americans are 2–3 times more likely to die as a result of pregnancy-related complications than white Americans ...
In terms of mental health, African Americans report lower rates of overall life satisfaction, as well as heightened depressive symptoms and substance abuse compared to Whites. [83] [84] Distal stressors have been linked to these health disparities among African Americans.
Even though African-American health status and outcome is slowly improving, black health has generally stagnated or deteriorated compared to whites since 1980. [56] The Tuskegee study was another prime example of health disparities among African Americans. [57] The study showed lack of medical treatment and discrimination among blacks. [57]
There is a lack of evidence to support a genetic difference between racial groups as a cause of maternal health disparities such as preterm birth. [6] Social factors, such as structural racism, have been suggested as a contributory cause of the wide racial disparities in maternal health in the United States.
It outlined the six causes of death that accounted for more than 80% of mortality among ethnic and racial minorities. The report included recommendations to reduce these health disparities, as well as to collect data of a higher quality for Hispanics, Asian Americans, American Indians, and Alaska Natives. [4]
While conducting research in the Department of Public Health Policy and Administration as a graduate student at the University of Michigan in 1992, Geronimus noticed a trend in disparities between the fertility of African American women versus White women. [12]