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  2. Balance of payments - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_payments

    Country foreign exchange reserves minus external debt. In international economics, the balance of payments (also known as balance of international payments and abbreviated BOP or BoP) of a country is the difference between all money flowing into the country in a particular period of time (e.g., a quarter or a year) and the outflow of money to the rest of the world.

  3. Exchange rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exchange_rate

    The balance of payments model holds that foreign exchange rates are at an equilibrium level if they produce a stable Current account (balance of payments)current account balance. A nation with a trade deficit will experience a reduction in its foreign exchange reserves, which ultimately lowers (depreciates) the value of its currency.

  4. Currency crisis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currency_crisis

    The crisis is often accompanied by a speculative attack in the foreign exchange market. A currency crisis results from chronic balance of payments deficits, and thus is also called a balance of payments crisis. Often such a crisis culminates in a devaluation of the currency. Financial institutions and the government will struggle to meet debt ...

  5. Current account (balance of payments) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_account_(balance...

    A nation's current account balance is influenced by numerous factors – its trade policies, exchange rate, competitiveness, forex reserves, inflation rate and others. Since the trade balance (exports minus imports) is generally the biggest determinant of the current account surplus or deficit, the current account balance often displays a ...

  6. Foreign exchange reserves - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_exchange_reserves

    Foreign exchange reserves (also called forex reserves or FX reserves) are cash and other reserve assets such as gold and silver held by a central bank or other monetary authority that are primarily available to balance payments of the country, influence the foreign exchange rate of its currency, and to maintain confidence in financial markets.

  7. Twin crises - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin_Crises

    The results show that there are actually several "good" signals for both types of crises, with variables related to capital account (foreign-exchange reserves and real interest-rate differential), financial liberalization (M2 multiplier and real interest rate) and current account (exports and terms of trade) being the best signals, and the ...

  8. Net foreign assets - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_foreign_assets

    The traditional balance of payments identity does not take into account changes in asset prices and exchange rates. For example, the value of external assets or liabilities can change due to higher or lower stockmarket prices or a default/write-off on debt. Similarly, changes in exchange rates will affect the value of foreign assets and ...

  9. Capital account - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_account

    In the IMF's definition, the capital account represents a small subset of what the standard definition designates the capital account, largely comprising transfers. [11] [12] [13] Transfers are one-way flows, such as gifts, as opposed to commercial exchanges (i.e., buying/selling and barter). The largest type of transfer between nations is ...