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As of 2021/22 total South African government debt was $130 billion. [1] The country's debt to GDP ratio in October 2020 was calculated at 82.76% of GDP by the International Monetary Fund. [2] Roughly 90% of the national debt in 2019/20 was denominated in South African rand thereby reducing borrowing risk due to currency fluctuations. [3]
The 1978 series began with denominations of 2, 5, 10, and 20 rand, with a 50 rand introduced in 1984. This series had only one language variant for each denomination of note. Afrikaans was the first language on the 2, 10, and 50 rand, while English was the first on the 5 and 20 rand. A coin replaced the 1 rand note.
According to one estimate, 10.4% of South Africans belonged to the "higher middle class" in 2004, defined as having a per capita income of over R40,000 (in 2000 Rand). [ 174 ] Taxes and transfers
< $5 billion Gross domestic product (GDP) is the market value of all final goods and services from a nation in a given year. [ 2 ] Countries are sorted by nominal GDP estimates from financial and statistical institutions, which are calculated at market or government official exchange rates .
In the following table, for each country/territory, IMF figures shows government's revenue, expenditure, and net lending (+)/ borrowing (-) as percentage of GDP and in current USD, calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. [13]
The top ten stock exchanges in Africa by stock capital are (amounts are given in billions of United States dollars): [209] but nowadays there are around 29 stock exchanges in Africa: South Africa (82.88)(2014) [210] Egypt ($73.04 billion (30 November 2014 est.)) [211] Morocco (5.18)
The bank has a starting capital of $50 billion, with wealth increased to $100 billion over time. [147] Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa initially contributed $10 billion each to bring the total to $50 billion. [146] [147] As of 2020, it had 53 projects underway worth around $15 billion. [148]
The retailer charges the consumer ($1.50 × 1.10) = $1.65 and pays the government $0.15, leaving the gross margin of $0.30. So, the consumer pays 10% ($0.15) extra, compared to the no taxation scheme, and the government collects this amount. The retailers pay no tax directly, but the retailer has to do the tax-related paperwork.