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Although the biological oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds competes with abiotic chemical reactions (e.g. the iron-mediated oxidation of sulfide to iron sulfide (FeS) or pyrite (FeS 2)), [10] thermodynamic and kinetic considerations suggest that biological oxidation far exceeds the chemical oxidation of sulfide in most environments. [4]
Iron sulfides occur widely in nature in the form of iron–sulfur proteins. As organic matter decays under low-oxygen (or hypoxic) conditions such as in swamps or dead zones of lakes and oceans, sulfate-reducing bacteria reduce various sulfates present in the water, producing hydrogen sulfide. Some of the hydrogen sulfide will react with metal ...
Sulfate-reducing microorganisms are responsible for the sulfurous odors of salt marshes and mud flats. Much of the hydrogen sulfide will react with metal ions in the water to produce metal sulfides. These metal sulfides, such as ferrous sulfide (FeS), are insoluble and often black or brown, leading to the dark color of sludge. [2]
In assimilatory sulfate reduction the sulfate is assimilated, or incorporated into organic compounds such as cysteine, methionine, or iron-sulfur clusters and enzyme cofactors. [13] In bacteria, sulfate and thiosulfate are transported into the cell by sulfate permeases where it can then be reduced and incorporated into biomolecules. [ 14 ]
The topic of sulfite food and beverage additives covers the application of sulfites in food chemistry. "Sulfite" is jargon that encompasses a variety of materials that are commonly used as preservatives or food additive in the production of diverse foods and beverages. Although sulfite salts are relatively nontoxic, their use has led to ...
The sulfurous smell of rot or decay sometimes associated with iron-oxidizing bacteria results from the enzymatic conversion of soil sulfates to volatile hydrogen sulfide as an alternative source of oxygen in anaerobic water. [6] Iron is a very important chemical element required by living organisms to carry out numerous metabolic reactions such ...
Iron sulfide or Iron sulphide can refer to range of chemical compounds composed of iron and sulfur. Minerals. By increasing order of stability:
The iron compounds produced on the largest scale in industry are iron(II) sulfate (FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O) and iron(III) chloride (FeCl 3). The former is one of the most readily available sources of iron(II), but is less stable to aerial oxidation than Mohr's salt ((NH 4) 2 Fe(SO 4) 2 ·6H 2 O). Iron(II) compounds tend to be oxidized to iron(III ...