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A geo or gio (/ ɡ j oʊ / GYOH, from Old Norse gjá [1]) is an inlet, a gully or a narrow and deep cleft in the face of a cliff. Geos are common on the coastline of the Shetland and Orkney islands. They are created by the wave driven erosion of cliffs along faults and bedding planes in the rock. Geos may have sea caves at their heads. Such sea ...
A headland of considerable size often is called a cape. [1] Headlands are characterised by high, breaking waves, rocky shores, intense erosion, and steep sea cliff. Headlands and bays are often found on the same coastline. A bay is flanked by land on three sides, whereas a headland is flanked by water on three sides.
Cirque – An amphitheatre-like valley formed by glacial erosion; Corrie – An amphitheatre-like valley formed by glacial erosion or cwm; Cliff – Tall, near vertical rock face; Coast – Area where land meets the sea or ocean; Coastal plain – Area of flat, low-lying land adjacent to a seacoast
A stack or sea stack is a geological landform consisting of a steep and often vertical column or columns of rock in the sea near a coast, formed by wave erosion. [1] Stacks are formed over time by wind and water, processes of coastal geomorphology. [2] They are formed when part of a headland is eroded by hydraulic action, which is the force of ...
A natural arch, natural bridge, or (less commonly) rock arch is a natural landform where an arch has formed with an opening underneath. Natural arches commonly form where inland cliffs , coastal cliffs , fins or stacks are subject to erosion from the sea, rivers or weathering ( subaerial processes).
Coastal erosion by waves and currents can create capes by wearing away softer rock and leaving behind harder rock formations. Movements of the Earth's crust can uplift land, forming capes. For example, the Cape of Good Hope was formed by tectonic forces. Volcanic eruptions can create capes by depositing lava that solidifies into new landforms.
Erosion was detected along more than half the state’s cliffs during the time period studied — with the fastest rates observed north of Bodega Bay and in areas with weaker rocks.
A wave-cut platform, shore platform, coastal bench, or wave-cut cliff is the narrow flat area often found at the base of a sea cliff or along the shoreline of a lake, bay, or sea that was created by erosion. Wave-cut platforms are often most obvious at low tide when they become visible as huge areas of flat rock.