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More technically, the abscissa of a point is the signed measure of its projection on the primary axis. Its absolute value is the distance between the projection and the origin of the axis, and its sign is given by the location on the projection relative to the origin (before: negative; after: positive). Similarly, the ordinate of a point is the ...
The celestial equator is currently inclined by about 23.44° to the ecliptic plane. The image shows the relations between Earth's axial tilt (or obliquity ), rotation axis , and orbital plane . The celestial equator is the great circle of the imaginary celestial sphere on the same plane as the equator of Earth .
In other words, it is the intersection of the spheroid with the plane perpendicular to its axis of rotation and midway between its geographical poles. On and near the equator (on Earth), noontime sunlight appears almost directly overhead (no more than about 23° from the zenith ) every day, year-round.
There are five major circles of latitude, listed below from north to south. The position of the Equator is fixed (90 degrees from Earth's axis of rotation) but the latitudes of the other circles depend on the tilt of this axis relative to the plane of Earth's orbit, and so are not perfectly fixed. The values below are for 23 January 2025: [2]
The axis pointing downward (and to the right) is also meant to point towards the observer, whereas the "middle"-axis is meant to point away from the observer. The red circle is parallel to the horizontal xy-plane and indicates rotation from the x-axis to the y-axis (in both cases). Hence the red arrow passes in front of the z-axis.
The primary direction (the x axis) toward the March equinox. A right-handed convention, specifying a y axis 90° to the east in the fundamental plane and a z axis along Earth's north polar axis. This frame is similar to the ξ, η, ζ frame above, except that the origin is removed to the centre of the Sun. It is commonly used in planetary orbit ...
A navigational marker that vanished off NOAA Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary in South Florida turned up on an island more than 4,300 miles away, officials say.
It is expressed as the angle between a reference plane and the orbital plane or axis of direction of the orbiting object. For a satellite orbiting the Earth directly above the Equator, the plane of the satellite's orbit is the same as the Earth's equatorial plane, and the satellite's orbital inclination is 0°. The general case for a circular ...